Since Equestria is real in the book, based on how the last chapter started and how the school was repurposed for travel between worlds. would Equestria have a seat in the UN and who would be representing it?

Not sure what the requirements are to join the United Nations. Would such a nation need to be on Earth? Or is a sovereign state on another planet okay? I could certainly see ponies interacting with some global-scale body! Their citizens are refugees in a way, and many probably want to return home after the reasons they became refugees has been cleared up.

Based on the ending of the story and I think every side story, they never did find a way to open the portal whenever they wanted to. With limited contact, but not totally isolated, I'm not sure they'd get a seat. Maybe a non-participating listening seat at best? There's certainly other ways for ponies to get some say or representation though, I'm sure.

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For the question of UN pony representation, the original story mentions that ponies "have a few members working with the UN, in closed door meetings" (Five Score, Divided by Four, chapter 37), but this specifically concerns repatriating ponies from around the world to the portal facility. From memory I can't remember any other story addressing the specific point of UN membership or representatives, so everything's possible really!

Each country has its own process and required qualifications for selecting ambassadors to the UN; in the US they are appointed by the President and then confirmed by the Senate, for example, and aren't necessarily career diplomats.

In our case, Equestria could appoint one of its princesses if they so wished; they're highly respected and seen as natural source of authority and representatives of ponydom, though it'd come with some issues. For example, if princesses are an important part of Equestrian internal politics, having one forced to stay on Earth for several consecutive months each year (or more, depending on when or if the portal can be opened at will) could prove detrimental. Other countries could also see a princess, in effect a magical demi-god, as a constant potential threat and an underhanded(hoofed?) way to unduly influence human representatives, complicating international relationships.

Equestria could also appoint a regular pony, which could alleviate the previous issues. Some voices may still be raised if the pony is a unicorn, because of magic, and appointing a pegasus or earth pony could be a way to placate 'pony-sceptical' humans.

In summary, lots of possibilities, all coming with their pros and cons!

The idea of Equestria having a seat at the UN is a separate, and interesting question.

Firstly, a potential new member of the UN has to be recommended by the UN Security Council – Equestria can't just ask to be included – then the application is subjected to a vote by the UN General Assembly. Article 4 of the UN Charter, which concerns membership, doesn't outright disqualify Equestria as long as it's recognized as a nation, though exact definitions could likely be argued over. For example, Equestria technically isn't on the same planet, so detractors could say that it is outside of the original purview of the UN. Another point could be that the UN Charter only covers human matters, and thus the UN itself should stay a 'humans-only club' (some parts specifically mention mankind and human rights, but most are only concerned with 'nations').

There could be a lot of push back from some countries along these lines, because they stand against ponies for a variety of reasons, or at least against the idea that ponies may have some say in international affairs. After all, in the wider Five Score universe, some states do have a bad history of pony mistreatment, and could be motivated into barring Equestria from joining the table as retaliation or to avoid accountability, or they could benefit more from Equestria not being officially recognized.

For example, in Dust on the Wind, the Chinese government held large numbers of ponies in internment camps, and preventing official recognition would be in that government's best interests. Another example, with Velvet Nightfall, is that the US military employs a substantial number of ponies in its ranks, using the pretext of 'defending and saving ponies around the world' to carry out covert military actions, and benefiting from access to pony magical technology; it's in US interest to keep Equestria as a subordinate state and its potential citizens as their own, rather than let ponies interact more with the international community in an official capacity. And as any of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) can veto an Equestrian membership (not something that's unheard of, it was quite common during the Cold War for example and has been used to bar Taiwan from getting UN representation), even a perfectly legal and mostly supported Equestrian seat at the UN could be rejected by any one of these five.

Other points of contention that could complicate Equestria's acceptance into the UN apparatus:

• The US has exclusive access to Equestria. The closest thing to an embassy, the portal facility, is considered Equestrian soil but still only exists at the US's discretion (as seen in Velvet & Dust), while US pony 'colonies' are legally treated like Native American reservations.
• The issue of citizenship of ponies. If all ponies are recognized as Equestrian citizens, suddenly most countries would have Equestrian citizens inside their borders, some in established enclaves, some members of the military or other governmental organizations. Establishing dual citizenship is a possibility, but it would also put in jeopardy the ability of countries to profit from magic and abilities of their pony population.

Other options for Equestria working with the UN without necessarily having a seat could go through the establishment of a UN special agency focused on pony/Equestrian matters, which could make Equestria an observer nation of the UN (like the Holy See/Vatican or Palestine). It's not the same thing as being a member, there's limitations, but it still gives them a seat at the table and allows them to work with UN members. Being an observer nation has also historically been a position for some countries prior to becoming full members, so Equestria could go this route.

I brought this up as it got my attention from a fanfic in the same universe that involved the Doctor. United National Intelligence Taskforce had added Equestria as a branch for protection while BBC (Torchwood) was helping ponies since the start.

Bit of a late comment here, but there could be other questions to follow up too :

■ Should there be only one nation?

Equestria may be the main, and the largest country there is. But we can also take mind of other places around pony world. Such as:

>Changelings, Chris in 'A new hive' came back to human world, to live with her lover, Liz. But she is the Queen of one species, and in this story she is suffering with 'unexpected population growth'. If it really took just 1 month to literally 'fill a truck with eggs' she will have to at least negotiate with US government to live with their new citizens. If not the whole world.

>Griffins, griffon population isn't small. 'A Velvet Nightfall' made a pretty good explanation of their very few depictions by sending them to Russia & Ukraine. And technically they don't belong in Equestria either. So their nation building will be interesting subject too.

>Crystal Empire, well it's actually more like a Autonomous region. But population of Crystal Empire are ponies too. Which brings into a new kind of use : used as a counterweight of pony dominion of Equestria. I highly doubt Cadance will accept that. But it could be a possibility.

-If we take Published version into account, there are Yaks, Kirins, Reformed Changelings, Hippogriffs... More can come if there's even a political struggle within a nation. And more ideas to come.(Imagine Griffin and Kirin fighting each other eventually burning the house down, that would be an interesting plot)

■Can Earth nations accept Equestrian species with full citizenship?

Citizenship can be most dofficult thing to handle when you can't prove with new body at all. This can come to different outcomes.

>Accepting their changes and keeping their full citizenship will be the most ideal outcome at the start. They are still accepted in human world. For future events they could fall into a choice of whether they will be equestrian or keep their past identity. But either way they have a choice with plenty of time.

>Residence would be nice too. Ponies would be Equestrian but can still work and do most of the things. I personally think this would be the general stance for most nations because they are not keeping them out but still free from some responsibilities. In other words. They are either hesitant, or ignoring them. It would also partially explain why ponies were not public.

>Illegal refugees can be the possible stance too. In a sense, they're technically refugees. Or worse, they could possibly considered as invaders without declaration of war. Ponies would have to get across the nation, or maybe even flee with all their might. Without legal support they would be a vulnerable target. One such example was from A Velvet Nightfall. Griffins in Russia fled to Finland. But at least, they are still considered as human.

>Treating them like Wild Animals or lost farm animal would be the worst. There are tons of fictions where group of people abducts, experiments, or... worse, but I haven't seen that case in a scale of whole nation(Maybe excpet Somalia from A Velvet Nightfall. But that was mostly due to anarchy state.). <Third Humanity> by Bernard Werber partially gets along with this theme. There was a part where a austrian boy uploading a video of killing little humans, main character's creation, on the internet. The boy who did that was accused for 'Destroying company product' and paid less fine than he earned. Eventually the revenge happens, but this time it was considered murder. Same could happened to the Ponies as well. It'll external force, or strong, determined ponies and a few good men to get through this situation.

■Will Earth Nations think Equestria credit worthy?

This may be a funny thing to think. But the world might just not trust Equestria and probably think it's really fragile state.

Because, maybe as a animation it would be funny thing to watch, but if we take it as it was real as Twilight did... they had:
• A former leader, which started a Self-coup and banished from their land for a whole Millenium, came back to take control again.(S1E1-E2)
• Huge glowing bear wakes up and almost destroyes a town.(S1E6)
• Locals were not aware of that species which had a potential to destoy whole world.(S1E10)
•Weird Dragon Chimera takes over part of the nation for at least a day.(S2E1-S2E2)
•Single Unicorn gone crazy mind-controls a town.(S2E3)
•Dam Breakdown?(S2E8)
•A single dragon's sudden growth and rampage(S2E10)
•Changeling Invades straight to Capital(S2E25-S2E26)
•Local former dictator trieing to retake his city state.(S3E1-S3E2)
•Hazardous spot Unrestricted(S3E3)
•Black vine growing all over town(S4E1)
•Seriously Hazardous 'Spell' Containment failure(S4E23)
•Some kind of Demonic monster almost takes over their nation(S4E25-S4E26)

And this is just what we can find until Season 4. If it were 'just an animation' this could have been a fine episodes. But in this case we're talking about Twilight's memories. Some would rationally think Equestria just won't be good enough for fellow ponies to live in. Thus, creating a political tension plot about whether allow them to be Equestrian or even recognizing Equestria.

And the question and ideas could go on and on. Aside from ponies finding their own life's meaning, there's just so much things we can explore!