Government: Equestria

Name:
Long Form: Equestirani Concordiat
Short Form: Equestria
Abbreviation: EC

Government Type:
Constitution-based Federal Diarchy

Capital:
Canterlot

Administrative Division:
15 Provinces and 1 Capital Territory: [NOTE: Not all are named] Everfree, Mustangia, Haven, The Tears, Crystal, Sable Islands (more to come), Canterlot Capital Territory

Independence:
16 Julblee 553 Before Concordia (dissolving of the Three Nations), 4 Julblee Anno Concodria 1 (defeat of Discord)

National Charters:
Haven Concords of 15 Post Exodus (established Equestria), Constitution of AC517 (established current government)

Legal system:
Common Law

Suffrage:
18 years of age, universal

Executive branch:
Chief of State/Head of Government: Princesses Celestia and Luna.
Cabinet: appointed by the princesses with approval by the Senate. Lead by Chief-of-Staff Ambrosia Malus

Legislative branch:
Bicameral Assembly consisting of the Senate (two members from each province elected to 10 year terms) and the Rohirrim (at least on member from each province, appointed by the provincial governors with approval from Celestia. Life-terms).

Judaical Branch:
Supreme Court

Alright then now to get into a bit more detail about things. Warning a lot of this is stuff ripped off from the real world.

The Legislative Branch: The Assembly of the Equestriani Concordiat: One of the more complex parts of the Equestriani government though it's duties are very simple to understand. The Assembly writes, proposes, and ratifies bills before they are sent off to Celestia and Luna to be signed into Law or Vetoed.

Much like the United States Congress the Assembly is a bicameral body, thus having two houses, with each house having their own traditions, polices, membership rules, and powers. The two houses are the Senate and Rohirrim. Unlike the US Congress, the Assembly hold session every other year and it's members hold jobs outside of their position.

The Senate of the Concordiat: Much like the US Senate each of the currently 15 provinces are given two seats in the Senate. Each Senator are directly elected by the province at large with elections being staggered so no two Senators from each province stand for election at the same time. Elections stand ever 5 years and cannot be halted unless approved by the Senate and the nation is under Martial Law.

The name Senate comes from the old Markab Republic, the pre-Concord Pegasi nation, and was used by the Pegasi in the name of the elected governing body. The basic structure of the current Senate is based off ancient senate.

The Equestriani Rohirrim: Arguably the more complex of the two houses, the Rohirrim is more closely related to the British House of Lords than the US House of Representatives. Its members are not elected and hold their position for life (or when they deiced to retire). Each province has at least one member with more added as populations expand. It's membership is divided up into two groups: Life Peers and Hereditary Peers.

Life Peers: By far the most common source of membership are the Life Peers. They are officially appointed by the Thrones from the recommendations of the Provincial Governors (this is for the most part a formality, the Peer pretty much has the job once the Governor sends in the name, only rarely does Celestia step in and vetoes it). Each Life Peer holds the rank of Baron/Baroness (though some 'minor' peers may hold a different title). Also their title is not past down family lines, after the Peer retires or dies their title is up for grabs.

The lead Life Peer take their title from their home province, say if a Peer is from Ponyville they would be appointed The Right Honorable Lord/Lady NAME, Baron/Baroness Everfree. The 'minor' Peers are normally take their title from their home city as the 'minor' Peers are taken from the cities and metropolitan areas. One of the exceptions to the Peer be given the rank of Baron is if they are from a Pegasi Cloudcity and are given the rank of Consul.

A metropolitan area is defined as a urban area with a population greater than 10,000 ponies. This would normally give a Province two Peers, but some like province that incorporates Manehatten, Brook's Land and neighboring cities could have one Peer per city giving that province a greater number of Peers than the less populated Provinces. (Ok if someone can help me make sense of all that please do so)

Hereditary Peers: Unlike Life Peers who's title is not held by their family, Hereditary Peers are just that, Hereditary. Each of the remaining Peerages can trace their existence back to the early days o f the Concordiat. The range from barons to dukes, though all of them are subservient to primary Life Peer of their province and are considered equals to Life Peers (though some don't feel that way). There were a larger number of Hereditary Peers i the past but most were disenfranchised by Celestia following the War of Eternal Night.

Special Peers: These are a special class of Hereditary Peers. They include the heirs of the Royal Houses, the Three Queens, and the Alicorns. They do not vote during regular sessions and rarely do during special sessions. And are considered for the most part figure heads. As of the moment most of these seats remain vacant. The Three Queens, the last monarchs of the Tribes, have long since died and their seats remain vacant out of respect and honor. The Heirs of the Earth Pony and Pegasi Royal Houses are missing presumed dead (though rumors say that the Pegasi heir still lives). Celestia and Luna refuse to take their seats, and Cadence is in a odd situation since she has two seats; one as Princess of Equestria and another as Heir to the Crystal Empire.

The name Rohirrim is stol... borrowed from Lord of the Rings. I use it since it means "Horse Lords" in Common, and felt it fits. In universe it was used by the ancient Earth Pony clans (and the Commonwealth of the Rand) in regards to their yearly conclaves of Chieftains.