Historical artifact for however long before there is another historical artifact

wikipedia
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Alcmaeon of Croton (/ælkˈmiːən/; Greek: Ἀλκμαίων ὁ Κροτωνιάτης, Alkmaiōn, gen.: Ἀλκμαίωνος; fl. 5th century BC) has been described as one of the most eminent natural philosophers and medical theorists of antiquity. He has been referred to as "a thinker of considerable originality and one of the greatest philosophers, naturalists, and neuroscientists of all time."^[1] His work in biology has been described as remarkable, and his originality made him likely a pioneer. Because of difficulties dating Alcmaeon's birth, his importance has been neglected.^[2]
We don't actually know very much of anything about Alcmaeon of Croton, he was historically important because he was the first to recognize that the brain was the seat of the mind rather then the heart, we also do not know what his actual profession might have been or definitive proof of what year he was born.
He may have been born in 510 bc and may have been a Pythagorean under Pythagoras but this comes from older accounts after his death and are possibly fabrications.
He is also sited in a lot of accounts from other people from his time period as being an inspiration, and without him those people, of course. Would not have been inspired.

Historical artifact for however long before there is another historical artifact

wikipedia
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The Seikillo's Epitah is the oldest complete song on earth (except for the very end of it but we ignore that) it was found on a grave stone in a town dating back to the Hellenistic period. The song was a funeral song composed by Seikillo, probably to his wife Euterpe, which is also the name of the muse of music.