Equines: Despite popular belief, Unicorns, Earth Ponies, Pegasi and Alicorns aren't the only form of Equine found of Terra, but they are the most widespread, with several less known variations also existing.

Terestrial Equines:

Earth Ponies/Earthkin:

Capable of powerful natural magic such as Geomancy (Earthbending), Necromancy, and Druid magic, earth ponies are among the strongest and longest-lived equines to exist, with an average lifespan of well beyond 350 years. they have also existed for the longest besides Alicorns, with some Earth Pony fossils dating back 2 million years, by comparison Pegasi and Unicorns only appeared between as early as 1.5 million and as late as 500'000 years ago.

Earth Ponies do the manual jobs in society, such as farming and building.

Unicorns:

Unicorns are the one of the more long lived race of Equines, with the average age between 100 and 150, though it is not unheard of for advanced unicorn mages to live for far longer. All Unicorns possess Magic that they actively use to manipulate and alter objects around them, as well as manipulate elements (unless an individual suffers from some form of inherited condition)

Pegasi:

Pegasi are winged ponies, able to fly, whose affinity for weather allows them to control it. Though native to Equestria, they can be found almost anywhere. However, unlike the other pony races, the pegasi have several cloud cities and settlements that non-fliers are unable to reach without the aid of magic or flight. They are more inclined to eat meat than unicorns or earth ponies as they actually need a reliable supply of protein to sustain their flight muscles.

Pegasi have an affinity to the weather, giving them the ability to control wind and weather, as well as permit them to walk on and move clouds, and in some cases, control lightning.

broadly speaking there are five main sub-races of Pegasi, identified by their wing structure

Natural-born Alicorns (Pegacorns):

Hailing from the distant southeastern land of Alicornia, these have no connection to the four Equestrian princesses (who are not in fact part of a race, but instead granted "alicornhood" based on great deeds), instead they are no taller in stature or more powerful than the three races (albeit all rolled into one), in fact most will have a clear leaning towards a particular strength of one of the three races, for instance some will be stronger at spell casting but less adept at flying & raw physical strength and vica-versa.

it should be noted that due to the at times religiously zealous & xenophobic culture of their home land, viewing themselves as more pure with other races as lesser (often looked down upon as being literally incomplete or unwhole), they aren't commonly seen outside of their borders, though it's not completely unheard of for more liberal individuals to move to other equine nations.

Crystal Ponies:

A sub-species of Earth Ponies, Crystal Ponies, or Crystallions to use the translation of their name in their native tongue, are the descendants of a group of earth ponies led by Chancellor Level Head (called "Puddinghead" as an insult by the other tribe leaders), who sought an alternative form of earth pony magic, resulting in the Crystal Heart.

Crystal ponies have "emotional camouflage," meaning they turn dull when sufficiently frightened or depressed, thus making them harder to spot.

Thestrals:

Thestrals are a race of pony with bat-like wings and ears, and cat-like eyes, hailing from the dark mountainous regions of Equestria and Thestralia, their fangs are used like a changeling's... for tearing into fruit they grow in their orchards. They have excellent night vision and echolocation, and are stronger and faster than normal pegasi, but cannot manipulate weather as well as their pegasi cousins.

Thestrals live in large townships called Colonies, which are matriarchal and located in caves. it is not uncommon for them to crowd together when sleeping.

Caracolean Unicorns:

Fleur De Lis: A well known Caracolean Unicorn

Originating from Caracoler, though they can be found native to much of Stirrupe, these unicorns possess a taller more slender form as well as a much more precise control of magic, but at the expense of raw magical strength

Yarvik Tykes:

Note to tourists: regular earth ponies should not partake in competitions hosted in Yarvik...

Hailing from the Yarvik region of Trottinghamshire, Tykes are immensely large and strong compared to typical earth ponies, though they don't have quite so much earth-magic or variety in colour, limited to various shades of brown, black, grey, and white.

Tykes are often as stubborn as a mountain and equally hotheaded, not to mention crass and rude, though they aren't all together unfriendly.

Pavo:

Hailing from Okoto, these ponies have feathered tails similar to those of peacocks, being smaller in the females.
The Pavo were among the first races to discover gunpowder, and are the most famous for it. With the invention of gunpowder, there came Okoto's famous fireworks... as well as their war rockets, and the earliest cannons in recorded history.

The Pavo were also the inventors of the feather blade, now a common weapon among nearly all feathered races.

Tatzles

An equine species devoid of magic. Though sapient and just as inteligent as any other species of pony, they don't have any society as such, instead they wander the southern continent in large herds across thousands of miles following the changing seasons, they are however known to own the occasional keepsake, such as bands, chains, necklaces or earrings.

due to the climate on the southern continent ranging between arid and tropical, they don't grow much fur, merely around the fetlocks on females and around the fetlocks & chest on males

Tatzles have a peculiar form of sexual dimorphism, and a gender class to some degree based on natural abilities. the males are larger with more eyes and typically keep watch during the day, whilst the females see entirely in infrared, and will act as lookouts at night. As such they don't have any particularly vibrant colorations, instead relying on the infinately unique tribal-like markings running across their skin for identification.

those red markings you see on the male are actually strings of blood vessels just below the skin, and show up as thermal hot spots to the females.

Aerial Equines:

Valkyrie:

Valkyries are a secretive race in the skies of northern countries. Unlike many pegasi, they have three sets of wings, fairly thin bodies and even their ears take on an almost wing-like shape. In fact, their wings could seem to be quite cumbersome on the ground, as apparently these pegasi never land any lower than the lowest cloud. Some even don't seem to realize the ground exists at all, believing all the world is nothing more than the dark thick clouds stretching forever above and below their home. In the air they are very graceful, swift fliers, and legends abound about them being able to fly all the way to heaven itself. Indeed many a pony regard them as 'angels' almost. Valkyries are some of the best aerial fighters, having evolved to a life almost entirely spent in the air.

Aquatic Equines (Kelpies): found throughout Equis, these races have adapted for a life lived either partially, or entirely, in water, with both freshwater and saltwater varieties existing.

The vast majority are also either carnivores or liberally omnivorous, feeding mostly on fish, waterfowl and seabirds, though it's not unheard of for them to go for ponies and other races should the opportunity present itself. they seldom live in towns and villages, preferring to live in their own pocket communities, or even completely solitary, away from built up civilisation, though as always there are exceptions.

Capall-Ishk/Coastal Kelpie

found living along the coast of eastern Stirrupe and around the Griffish Isles, Capall-Ishk can thrive in both fresh and saltwater, making them perfectly adapted for swimming up and down the many rivers feeding into the ocean

Cabyll-Ushtey/Swamp Kelpie

cabyll-ushtey dwell in the many swamps, bogs and bayous of Equis, more often than not going for just about anything that happens to stumble into their pond, including other ponies and even griffins. Instead of wings on their back, they have an array of extremely sensitive tentacles to aid in hunting, as well as pull bits of floating detritus towards them to help set up camouflage for an ambush.

Nixie/Northern Kelpie

Native to Heimut and Zemylistali, these lake dwellers can not only swim in and breath water, but control it, cause it to flow and warp, and even freeze it solid should they choose to.

Shoopiltee/Mountain Kelpie

Shoopiltees are less adapted for living completely in water, due to the at times sporadic location of lakes high up in the mountains, they instead rely on brute strength and an impressive endurance for swimming and hunting

Nuggle/River Kelpie

fully adapted for a life underwater, Nuggles have done away with hoofed limbs entirely, and instead have a single pair of clawed flippers for maneuvering through the rivers of Equis

Mer-ponies/Sea Ponies:
These aquatic equines are a lot tamer than their meat eating cousins, and often live happily alongside terrestrial ponies, with many having mechanical legs for living and working on land.

Hippocampi

Hippocampi differ little from their land dwelling cousins-the Earth Ponies- beyond physical appearance, and are industrious workers, having developed the mechanical legs they use to walk around on land.

Styxians

Styxians (Nocturnal Sea Ponies, Abyssals) are an offshoot of Hippocampi who have developed horns and nocturnal habits. they are faster and more magically adept than normal Hippocampi, and are usually better fighters.

Proto-Reptilian Equines:

Qilin:

Not to be confused with Kirins, the hybrid of a dragon and a pony, Qilin (Ironically actually pronounced Kirin) are an offshoot which occurred during the evolution from Earth Ponies (the oldest of the Equestrian Races) to Unicorns, beyond the most basic of Unicorn spells such as levitation they are limited to elemental magic.

this magic is very strongly linked to their emotional state, for a confident & controlled manipulation of the elements a qilin requires at least a basic level of emotional training, this is usually done by a specific elder of the tribe in line with normal education through childhood, as their elemental magic can be very easily triggered by anger or frustration, and it is not unknown for a qilin to be so enraged as to enter an "elemental" state, where their fur turns ashen-grey and they uncontrollably emit a volatile element from their manes and tails. fire is the most commonly seen elemental manifestation, but it is not unknown for qilin with a particular affinity for a given element, such as water, air or lightning, to exude those instead

Qilin warriors and mages are famous for being extremely emotionally balanced, often coming across as downright emotionless and cold, indeed they will have undergone years of training and meditation to keep their emotions under control, but out on the battlefield they are notorious for being able to shift from being completely calm, to a literal raging inferno, and back to calm again in mere moments

There exist two main variety of Qilin:

Highland Qilin, identified by their woolly mane extending around their necks to cover their chest providing additional insulation in colder climates, found in colder and more mountainous countries.

Lowland Qilin, found predominantly on Islands such as Okoto as well as in more temperate climates throughout the world.

both can also be found as one of the more sizable minorities among settlements dominated by Spherus Magnan races, where their control over a number of elements means they are often welcomed with open arms no matter what element tribe they settle with.

Atqueans:

originating from the Atquean Empire located in the far south of Terra, Atqueans are the main diplomates of the Saurian region of Terra, and are often in charge of settling disputes between the other saurian countries.

Dovahkiin:

Descendants of a cursed pegasus bloodline (according to legend), Dovahkiin appear normal from a distance, though closer inspection reveals the head, right foreleg, upper body, mane, and cutie mark of a pony, and the spines, hind legs, tail, and left foreleg of a dragon.

Found throughout Equis and Raubtier, they are fierce, and have quick tempers, as well as fiery breath. they are herbivorous, but capable of eating gems.

Carnivorous ponies:

Found in the deserts, forests and mountains of the world, these feral, fire breathing, carnivorous ponies live mostly solitary lives, but are to still be avoided at all costs , it is not known if they are sapient or not, but Stonecutters have found use for them in their arena games.

Feline Equines:

Shedu:

An Shedu spy
These hybrids have the head, wings, body & lightweight bone structure of a Pegasi and the tail, legs & stature of a large domesticated cat, they are small, only about 2.5 foot tall at the most. They are found in most cities of Equis, and can even be found working in the Equestrian Military, where their small stature make them perfect as spies, saboteurs, and reconousers.

Sphinx:

Sphinx posses the body, head & wings of a Pegasus, and the legs and tail of a lion. Sphinx can be found in Zebrica, where they are often used as guards and sentries for nobility.