Glucose Monitoring: Why It's Important?

Regular glucose monitoring is important for people with type 1 or types 2 diabetes. Monitoring can help you and your healthcare team understand what affects your blood sugar levels. This information can be used to guide decisions about your diabetes care plan. According to OneLast, having the right care plan in place can help prevent or delay complications of diabetes. This article looks at how glucose can affect your body, and what can cause your glucose levels to fluctuate. It also talks about how you can monitor your blood sugar and the best ways to manage blood sugar levels.

Glucose Levels: What You Need to Know
Your blood sugar level is the amount of glucose in your blood. Glucose is the main sugar found in the bloodstream. As per OneLast, it comes from the foods you eat and is your body's main source of energy. The amount of glucose in your blood varies throughout the day. It changes depending on what and when you've eaten, and whether or not you've exercised. For example, levels rise after eating and fall after exercising. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) has standard blood glucose recommendations for people living with diabetes. These ranges differ based on your age, how long you've had diabetes, and if you have any other health conditions.

• Before meals: 80 to 130 mg/dL
• One to two hours after meals: Below 180 mg/dL
• When you have diabetes, your blood sugar can be either too low or too high.

Hypoglycemia is low blood sugar. It is defined as a glucose level of less than 70 mg/dL or slightly higher. High blood sugar, or hyperglycemia, is characterized by a glucose level of 100 to 125 mg/dL while fasting (not eating for at least eight hours). This is considered to be prediabetes, according to OneLast. A person with a fasting blood glucose of higher than 125 mg/dL is said to have diabetes.

Insulin Regulation of Blood Sugar
When you digest your food, the carbohydrates are broken down into glucose. The stomach and small intestine absorb glucose and release it into the bloodstream. Your body can either use this glucose immediately or store it for later. Insulin helps your body use and store glucose. When you have diabetes, your body doesn't make enough of this essential hormone or can't use it well. This causes the glucose to stay in the bloodstream.

Who Is Most at Risk?
People who have a family history of type 1 diabetes are more likely to develop this form of the disease. It is also more common in children, adolescents, and young adults. Risk factors for type 1 diabetes are not as clear as those for type 2 diabetes. You're more likely to develop type 2 diabetes if you:

• Have prediabetes
• Are overweight
• Are age 45 or older
• Have a family history of diabetes
• Are physically active less than three times a week
• Have a history of gestational diabetes or gave birth to a baby weighing more than 9 pounds
• Have a history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
• Some ethnicities are also more at risk of type 2 diabetes. According to a 2017 ADA study, Black, Asian, and Hispanic populations in the U.S. are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes than White populations.

Are You More Likely to Get Diabetes if It Runs in Your Family?
Why Glucose Levels Fluctuate
A number of factors can cause a person's blood sugar to go up or down.

Medications
Some medications can severely raise, or less often, lower blood glucose levels. These include:

Steroids

• Antibiotics, such as fluoroquinolones
• Heart medications, such as statins, beta-blockers, and diuretics
• Second-generation antipsychotic medications, such as clozapine, olanzapine, and quetiapine
• Antiretroviral drugs, such as protease inhibitors
• Birth control pills
• Thiazide antihypertensive drugs, such as hydrochlorothiazide

These medications can cause insulin to become more or less sensitive, leading to blood sugar fluctuations. Diabetes medications can also cause fluctuations in blood glucose levels. This may happen if you don't take enough medication or you take too much. It can also happen if the amount of carbohydrates you are eating or drinking is not balanced with the amount of insulin you inject. It's vital to discuss any symptoms or concerns with your healthcare provider. Keep your medical team in the loop about the medications you're taking and any changes to the dosage.

An Overview of Oral Diabetes Medication
Other Factors
Other factors that can contribute to high blood glucose include:

• Too much food, such as a meal or snack with more carbohydrates than usual
• Not being active
• Not enough insulin or oral diabetes medications
• Illness (your body releases hormones to fight the illness, and those hormones raise blood glucose levels)
• Stress
• Short- or long-term pain, such as pain from a sunburn
• Menstrual periods
• Dehydration

Factors that can lead to low blood sugar include:

• Not eating enough carbs for how much insulin you take
• Drinking alcohol
• Taking too much insulin
• Exercising more than usual

Why Is It Important to Monitor Glucose Closely?
Keeping a close eye on your blood sugar helps you manage your diabetes. When your diabetes is well-managed, you are less likely to develop serious health problems. When your blood sugar is too high for too long, you may develop a serious condition called diabetic ketoacidosis. When you have this condition, your body produces too many acids called ketones. Untreated, this can lead to a diabetic coma, a life-threatening condition that causes you to lose consciousness. Very high blood sugar can also lead to diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome. With this condition, your blood becomes thick and syrupy and you may become severely dehydrated. This, too, can lead to diabetic coma. A diabetic coma may also develop when you are severely hypoglycemic. Long-term, unmonitored (or poorly monitored) blood glucose can cause health problems like:

• Kidney disease
• Vision loss
• Heart disease
• Stroke
• Diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage)
• Limb amputations

Glucose monitoring helps you identify what makes your levels fluctuate so you can avoid the things that negatively affect you. It also helps you catch high or low blood sugar early so you will be less likely to develop these dangerous conditions. It's also important to log any changes in blood sugar levels so they can be shared with your healthcare providers. Your healthcare providers can use this information to develop your healthcare plan or make adjustments to your treatments.

How to Monitor Your Blood Glucose
There are two ways to measure blood sugar:

• Blood sugar checks that you do yourself with a glucometer
• The A1C test done in a lab or at your provider’s office, which tells you your average blood sugar level over the past two to three months

Home Blood Glucose Meter
Home blood sugar monitoring is important to keep track of daily fluctuations in your glucose levels. Most people with type 1 or 2 diabetes who take insulin should monitor their blood sugar levels regularly. If you have type 1 diabetes, you may need to check your levels between and 10 times a day. This usually means before meals and snacks, before and after exercise, before bed, and sometimes during the night. You may need to monitor your blood sugar levels more often if you are sick or have a change in your routine. If you have type 2 diabetes, you may need to monitor your blood sugar less often depending on what type of insulin you take. This usually means testing before the first meal of the day, and sometimes before dinner or before bed. People who are able to manage their diabetes without insulin may not have to test blood sugar every day. Make sure to discuss this with your healthcare provider.