A Grand Tour, Part I
The Nineteenth Century: The Saga of Equestria
April 15, 1839
Fifth Day of Discussions
Canterlot, Equestria
“No, Ambassador...May I remind you, Ambassador, that the Royal Council authorized no such operation? May I also remind you that we recalled the offending Lieutenant immediately after the incident?”
“The French government believes that some tribute is required to offset the costs and damages inflicted by your Lieutenant.”
“Why? Again, the Lieutenant acted without orders and without permission. He has been punished by the Equestrian Royal Council. Plus, for a country of your status and power, the losses inflicted by our misunderstanding were minimal.”
“Actually, no. Your victory undermined talks with México and put us in a position where we could not demand everything we wanted. It is the desire of the French government that you cover the difference.”
“How much?”
“An amount equivalent to twenty thousand Mexican pesos.”
Celestia hesitated, thinking We cannot afford to make enemies of the French. We have to buy peace.
“Fifteen thousand.”
The Ambassador hesitated, considering how badly France needed those five thousand pesos.
Slowly, he dipped his head. “Very well.”
May 3, 1839
Canterlot, Equestria
“We need to reach out more,” said Celestia. “We have diplomatic relations with the Great Powers, but I do not believe that that is enough. I submit that we need to assemble a grand tour; a massive diplomatic expedition.”
“How many diplomats do you think we need?” asked Cadance.
“I think you missunderstood. Of course, we will need to send more diplomats overseas. However, I believe that we, the Royal Council, shall go to other nations ourselves. I think that three of us should tour the different regions of this planet. I would go to Europe, and somepony will go to Latin America and somepony else will go to Asia. Perhaps we could go to Africa, as well. I haven’t heard of major powers on that continent, but you never know…”
Luna hesitated for a moment, thinking things over. “Seems like a great idea, sister,” she said. “I imagine that you believe one of us should stay in Equestria?”
“Yep. And I think that you should stay,” said Celestia. “Not that I distrust your diplomatic powers - I do. But I think that you staying here will allow you to better hear the desires of the ponies of Equestria. It will help heal what remains of the rifts born a thousand years ago.”
Luna noded. “That makes sense, I suppose. Very well.”
“Good!” Celestia beamed. “Now, I think Twilight should go to the Latin American nations.”
“Me? Why me?”
“Twilight, you have grown significantly. Your work with the Royal Ministry of Sciences has been exemplary, and it is time for you to start taking a more active role in Equestria’s international presence. After all, diplomacy is one of your responsibilities.”
“...”
“Twilight, it’s high time you lead a diplomatic mission. Don’t worry, you will have professional diplomats in your retinue, as well. There is no need for concern.”
Turning away from her, Celestia said, “And that leaves you, Cadance, to visit Asia.”
“Any ideas which nations I should visit?”
“Many of the Asian nations are very private. If you are turned away, then don’t press them. But if you can, try to secure treaties of friendship with Japan and China. It appears they are the more powerful states.”
“Yes, Celestia.”
“Alright. We should move out a week.”
July 21, 1839
México City, México
“Hello, President Bustamante,” said Twilight, bowing to the man.
The President did likewise, and said, “Greetings, Princess Twilight. It is always good to hear from our friends up north. People - err, ponies, that you can trust seem to be getting harder to come by nowadays.”
“That they are, that they are,” she replied. “We must always be wary of imperialists.”
The President smiled. “The people of México cannot thank you enough for your actions...the blow you dealt to the French has raised many eyebrows in the Centralist Republic. Many look to the north with more trusting than they used to...there’s even talk of closer cooperation with the Principality of Equestria. Putting aside the obvious political and species differences, our nations share at least one common goal: Defending against the enormous, godless, Anglo nation. We lost Texas because we were too trusting of them...I hope that you have learned from our mistakes?”
“We have, and so has Griffonia. Both of us have closed our borders to Americans. No settlers will manage to wrestle our provinces out of our hooves.”
“Ah, yes, you had your Manetown Incident, I remember that…” The President frowned thoughtfully. “Terrible shame, that was.”
“It was,” Twilight agreed.
“And another reminder, as if we needed another, that the Americans are not to be trusted.” The President hesitated, apparently thinking something over. After a moment, he said, “If the Republic would offer a treaty to Equestria, would you be interested?”
Excitement gripped Twilight. “It would have to be ratified by the rest of the Royal Council, but we would be ecstatic. The other Princesses have referred to México as ‘our natural ally.’” This was bending with the truth, just a bit. Twilight knew that the Princesses have never said that, but their overall stance towards México had led her to think that they believed just that.
“Well, maybe we could come to an agreement, then…”
July 25, 1839
Canterlot, Equestria
“Why, King Odrynn,” said Princess Luna. “It is an honor, of course, but to what do I owe this unexpected visit?”
“We need to talk,” replied Odrynn. “I...may not have been completely honest with you and your fellow royals in the past.”
Luna stopped shuffling through a stack of paperwork, and looked up at Odrynn. “I’m listening…”
The King hesitated for a moment, then said, “We have had contact...with the humans...before. Contact that you were not told about.”
“Well...can you enlighten me about it now?”
Odrynn sighed. “Well, were you aware that the Kingdom is a union between two distinct cultures?”
“Yes, I have heard of this. The Kingdom was born from two groups of griffons, the Mountain Griffons and the Plains Griffons.”
“Yep. Though, saying the Kingdom was ‘born’ is a bit of a euphemism. Rather, the two culture groups formed their own nations after the fall of Discord. The Mountain Griffons quickly decided that they didn’t like having a rival to contend with along with the newly-restablished Principality of Equestria, and quickly and brutally conquered the Plains Griffons. The Plains Griffons had and still have only a fraction of the population of the Mountains, and were still fighting over leadership. They fell easily.”
“I suppose that these cultural differences still plague the Kingdom?”
“Absolutely. The cultural rift within the Kingdom is very evident to this day. For the most part, you have only seen Mountain Griffons. They live in the Western Regions, controlling the vast majority of the government. For instance, there is only one Plains noble. The Eastern Territories are where most Plains Griffons live...with one major exception.”
Luna raised an eyebrow.
“The exception, the one Plains noble, is me. I was born in what is now the American territory of Bozeman. My father was the last King’s brother, and my mother was his second concubine, who stayed in Bozeman and raised me among her fellow griffons. The last King had no heirs, and both his brother and all his other sons were dead by the time my uncle past. My heritage was undeniable, and the nobles had to accept my ascension. But I’ve had to constantly look over my shoulder, as they still didn’t really like the fact that a filthy Plainser took over the reigns of government. That is one of the main reasons that they rebelled against my first attempts to reform and westernize. Honestly, they probably would have tried to dispose of me sooner or later anyways. To this day, the Plains and Mountain Griffons still don’t trust each other…some thought that my reign would be a symbol of unity and help bridge the gap between the cultures...well, they were wrong.
“Anyways, the point: The Plainsers have encountered and fought some human tribes several times, throughout the history of Griffonia. They keep it secret from the Mountaineers, and eventually the human tribes learned to stay away from the ‘lion-eagles.’
“And that is how I knew of the humans before. The humans never attacked or raided in my lifetime, but the story has been passed down to me.”
August 1, 1839
Canterlot, Equestria
“Attention!”
All four ponies in front of Princess Luna snapped to attention, saluting sharply.
“Thank you, Guardpony. That will be all.”
The Royal Guard bowed deeply, then retreated to outside the room.
Luna sighed. After a moment, she looked the four ponies facing her in the eye and said, “Captain Spitfire, First Lieutenant Soarin, Captain Frost Bite, First Lieutenant Rainbow Dash. I have called you ponies here because I have decided to found a special force, and you four represent the finest fliers that Equestria has to offer. What I am proposing is a military organization, like Wonderbolts, but much more militarized. Your missions would include special operations behind a hypothetical enemy’s lines, storming enemy warships and capturing them, disrupting an enemy’s supply lines, other covert operations, and raids on enemy encampments and settlements, among whatever else the Council sees fit.
“This special unit would exist under the direct command of the Royal Council, independent of any other military organization. Spitfire, you would be promoted to the rank of Colonel, and the lot of them would be placed under your command.”
“Ma’am, wouldn’t that make me the highest ranked member of the Equestrian Military?”
“Well...technically. Don’t worry, though. When the Royal Council reassembles, we will be reorganizing the entire command structure. Honestly, we didn’t expect the military to grow as fast as it has, and our outdated command structure reflects it. And either way, you and your unit will exist outside of the command structure, like I said, and will receive your orders from the Council directly.
“Now, a sizable percentage of the Ponyville Air Cavalry will probably be taken into this special unit, along with the entire membership of the Wonderbolts and large amounts of pegasi from the southern, pegasi-dominated regions. Captain Frost Bite, Lieutenant Rainbow Dash, you two shall be responsible for overseeing the transfer of skilled ponies from your herd. I only want the best here. Don’t feel compelled to fill any slots with ponies that you do not have complete confidence in. Leave them in the Cavalry. You can add them later, if you feel that they have gotten better.”
“Yes ma’am!”
July 9, 1839
Lāhainā, Kingdom of Hawai’i
Princess Cadance disembarked from the ERV Equestria, impressed by the beautiful scenery. After a moment of quietly admiring, she focused her attention on the man before her.
“Ali’i Nui Kamehameha,” she said - a little less smoothly than Celestia had two years before - “it is an honor to visit your fine nation. The beauty of your capital is breathtaking.”
“Thank you. We are quite proud of it,” replied the King. “We received word that you would be arriving, but I am afraid I do not recognize you…”
“Of course. My name is Princess Cadance. I am a member of the Equestrian Royal Council, and am here as a representative of the Council.”
“Thank you. You obviously know who I am, but as a formality: I am Kamehameha, High Chief of Hawai’i.”
“I am most pleased to meet you,” replied Cadance. After a moment, she said, “If I may be so bold...I am struck by the similarities between our nations. Your Majesty rules over a nation of native people to these islands, from before the Europeans arrived. Your people, in the face of impossible odds, embraced the Europeans’ ways, and used their tools to forge your own nation.”
“Your Serene Majesty appears to be correct. Much like us, the Principality of Equestria managed to adopt European tools and weapons and use them for their own use. I only wish that we managed to hold onto our old traditions as well as Equestria has…” he trailed off, almost whispering the last sentence.
“It’s never too late,” replied Cadance. “I imagine that many of your own people are still following them.”
“Perhaps,” replied the King, his thoughts already a mile away, scheming. He snapped back to present and said, “But that’s enough idle speculation for one day. Where are my manners? Please, join me for supper. We clearly have a lot to discuss.”
Same time
Several miles off the coast of Hawai’i, Pacific Ocean
“Captain! I have a position update for you!”
Excellent. “Very good. I’ll be with you in a moment,” replied Captain Laplace.
so.....you updating again? plus it looks like the french? is spying on equestria other than that how many years we have left ?
also what are your thoughts of stellaris there are at least 2 pony race mod the first ones user name is in asian language but the mod is in english the other is the no leader respawn by starlight adding pony griffion and changling races to game if you ever feel like playing as ponies and doing a stellaris mlp fic someday after this fic is done no rush
And update, so cool Great to see the begining of the tour. That explanation about different types of griffon gives more complexity about the Griffon Kingdom, very neat. I want to read more!
7541678 Sorry, I'm little lost here, what kind of colony you mean? Like in the african colonies? or like small towns for ponies to live?
If you refer to the first, the answer would be relativaly easy: the Patagonia. Until 1870 all the Patagonia (both chilean and argentienan sidea) were in hands of nomadic native americans. Argentina had a city-fortress called Carmen de Patagones not to far from the actual border of the province of Buenos Aires, and there was some prescence in the Malvinas (depending in wich time, from Argentina or England), but there was no other urban settlement in the region. I mean, the Confederación Argentina considered that part of their territory, they and Chile were worried that the other would try to steal their part (as there wasn't a formed border between both regions); but if they wanted to sell a territoriy to another country, it would surely be the Patagonia, they don't have real control over them, in fact, they have an hostile relationship with the natives, it has sea coast so they could make easy travel. etc.
It's not so productive though, (well, later they gonna find great cuantities of oil) but in that time, close to the andes, both the Chilenean and argentinean side has a alpine climate with woods and minerals, the rest (and mayority) of the argentinean side is a kind of a deserted tundra, only usefull for raising sheeps or deers, with some small river-valleys for fruits and grains.
Cool, an update, I hope the information I have provided will be useful once you reach Panama/Nueva Granada. But now I have to work faster with Perú, Bolivia and Venezuela. I still think that Equestria will reach Venezuela in 1840, but depending on the dates I'll be updating the info. So far I don't think much will be changed in Nueva Granada and Ecuador (although dates will determine when they'll celebrate Christmas).
Still, cool.
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I was meaning like a small town where Ponies would live inside the country (although the Tovar colony was built during the collonial times in Venezuela in the XVI Century) so I think both types would be valid and it would be up to Mint20 which type would be benefitial to Equestria.
In other note: RD isn't with Twilight, she'll miss the Latin American army methods.
Yay moar
Good to see this updated again.
Now to fill this one up with hundreds of comments as well.Anyway, so, the great journeys begin. This will be a fun ride.
And Twilight certainly dodged a bullet there. Just days earlier and she would've had to meet up with Santa Anna.Now I wonder what's gonna be her opinion about Mexico City. It's quite the place, carrying currently over 300 years of history, not counting its time as Tenochtitlan. If she can allow herself some time of leisure during her stay, she's quite likely to not be dissapointed, I'd say.So, looking good so far. Knew the situation with the US would be brought up. Would be interesting to know what else will be...
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Now I got reminded I need to speak up on that on my end. Well, good time as any now I suppose.
The situation in Peru was a very difficult one from it's independence to become a republic (Note: Peru and Bolivia used to be one nation divided between the Lower Peru, actual peru, and the higher peru, Bolivia):
At the beginning they had the help of San José de San Martín, who liberated the lower part of Perú but didn't had the resources to liberate the rest, this changed when General Aguero took over the country (The first time in Peruvian history that the military would get into politics) and made the congress ask for help to Bolívar in Colombia (who sent Sucre to prepare the way for Bolívar).
Bolívar and San Martín discussed the points to direct the attack against Spain (they only agreed that Spain must leave America) so Bolívar shun down san Martín and took over the rest of the fight. After big struggles, the Patriots won in The Battle of Ayacucho and Spain was taken out of America.
The problem came when Bolívar wanted to annex Perú to Colombia (the Peruvians didn't wanted to be involved with him), he also didn't liked the undecisiveness of the peruvians (With the exception of General De La Mar) and he decided to become a dictator in Peru (while The Congress appointed by him was in recess) and allowed his men to steal from the peruvians. In the end, he tried to press his constitution that allowed a Life Time Presidency (which, basically, was a monarchy) that was only allowed by the Higher Peru (I think).
The division between both Perus caused it to divide in two, Bolívar didn't liked the idea at first but when the Higher Perú changed its name on his honor (Bolivia) and accepted his constitution, Bolívar couldn't say no. So Bolívar divided Perú.
When La Cosiata made by Páez happened, Bolívar had to go to Colombia to see what was going on, this gave the Peruvians a chance to separate from Bolívar and elected a new President (De La MAr) and used an excuse to expel Sucre from Bolivia.
During this time, De La Mar would send Peru into a war with Colombia for a territorial dispute. Whether Peru could have won or not is hard to tell because, while the Peruvians had the edge on the Sea (most of the Colombian Navy was on the Caribbean) ad earth for a preemptive strike, the Colombians managed to hav an advantage and, in the end, Peruvian generals let Sucre win so they could make a coup d'etat (whih worked) deposing of President De La Mar.
The new President Gamarra managed to improve a few things on the country (like De La Mar) but he had fights with the Liberal Congress that made him have some very authoritative moves. When the next elections came, the Liberals voted for Orbegoso so the Officialist didn't had the presidency (and Orbegoso was easy to manipulate), this led to a civil war between officialist and Liberals which made Orbegoso ask for help to Bolivia.
During this time, Gamarra was plotting how to recover Bolivia back to Peru and plotted with the Bolivian General De La Cruz (although they disagreed on the type of government, De La Cruz wanted a confederacy while Gamarra wanted a complete Perú) so when Orbegoso asked for help, De La Cruz went to fight Gamarra and the other Officialist (and won) and then convinced Orbegoso to make the Confederacy.
This Confederacy (1836 - 1839) led by De La Cruz meant the renovation of Perú to huge levels (the Army had the Napoleonic code and learned of the Napoleonic ways to fight, same with the Navy) but it didnt lasted because Gamarra (with the help of a expansionist Chile) invaded The Peru-Bolivian Confederacy and dissolved the country.
Orbegoso was exiled and went to live in Guayaquil, Ecuador while De La Cruz escaped to Bolivia. This time was used by Gamarra to prepare for a war against Bolivia that would be his doom in 1841.
That was the short version, Now if you excuse me, it's time to think on how this would go when Twilight get into Perú in 1839 - 1840.
7580486
Or the French are doing Pacific expeditions and may have just discovered Hawaii for the French, or they are landing there as a stop in their Pacific journeys.
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7581500
It's the Laplace Affair.
An interesting development for Cadence to observe, I'd say. On one hand, I do see that she may support the reason Laplace has traveled there, but on ther other hand, some of Laplace's terms may be another thing altogether.
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Oh, yeah, that kind of colony. Well, it would depend of what ponies wanted. In this time, the whole area of the Cono Sur (Arg-Paraguay-Uru-Bra-Chile) it's too conflicted and troubled to let foreigners install colonies.
Later it will be really common. We should remember that the population of Argentina doubled with the big waves of immigrants from 1880 to 1930, and that in that time there were more foreigners in Buenos Aires than people actually born there.
Most people moved to the cities, but there was a lot of small rural colonies, in fact, I have ancestors from different places, but my father comes from a german colony close to the border with Brazil.
In this setting, I could imagine ponies moving either to the ultra-fertile humid Pampas plains, were more ranch, farms and cities are, or to the central (also very populate) region of the country, which is full of mediterranean hills (similar to California, thoug slighty more dry).
Otherwise we have the humid northeast with their forests and their tropical forests (close to Brazil) or the arid (with the exception of some valleys) in the northeast. In Argentina the Andes are very arid in the north part, and are only alpine and nice in the south (Patagonia) but there they were in control of the native population in those years.
For the peru-bolivian situation I recommend you to give a look to what I wrote not too much time ago about them and about nation-states in south-america. Depending how much Mint20 wants to change things he has a lot of possibilities to develop.
Because we are close to the tour I would like to throw some ideas about a possible encounter between Twilight and Rosas. As I said before, Rosas it’s a very novelesque and contradictory figure. He was a ruthless dictator, but also a “man of the people”, loved by the lower classes. He was a rich man and a strict landowner but he also was a great horse rider and a fighter who didn’t mind to get his hands dirty. He was very reactionary, an anti-intellectual who closed the universities, a firm supporter of the church and he assisted the festivities of the blacks and the lower citizens, but at the same he was a british gentleman, a charmer man, a true “blue-blood” from a aristocratic family who spend his time between the local and british businessmen. I think that in a encounter with Twilight, he would try to gain Equestrian support in the civil conflict, heavily implying they mutual relationship with the british, or at least, Equestrian diplomatic support/pressure against french intervention in the area.
Also, he would probably try to establish economic relationship with Equestria. Because there is still no refrigerated ships they can’t still export meat, so the main production of Argentina in that time is leather and wool, but they do have enormous reserves of hay and grass that they can also export. (Later, the main exportation it’s gonna be grain and cattle).
And in this point I have to empathize. The “Pampas” plain is one of the most fertile places in the world. In its golden time it was called the “Barn of the World” and it had the biggest production of cattle and some of the biggest in grains, even today, if their production had been left behind for lack of technology and capital, the productivity of its soil is still bigger than a lot of countries with bigger general productions. (Some nations that produce a lot, still have to subside their farms, while Argentina not only don’t do that but most of it economy depend on taxes over farmers and ranchers). It’s not something that Equestria should ignore lightly if they wanted to become a great power.
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Excelent, I'll go check it out once I find it.
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Ok, I read your comment regarding the Peru-Bolivian confederacy and I have come to the conclusion that it's too late for that (or, at least, it will be late by the time Twilight gets there).
I' saying that because, so far, The Great Colombia must have been dissolved (mainly because of how the OTL works, Equestria couldn't have influenced that) and since Equestria hasn't been involved with any nation in Latin America (except Mexico) then it's very likely that the Perú-Bolivian Confederation is gone, BUT there's a chance that, since Equestria gave France a big blow, it must have slightly affected Argentina (maybe the blockade left, maybe it was softened? how do you think it would affec Argentina?) and, thus, affected the way the iinvasion against the confederation.
Too sad, IMO, for it would have been an interesting encounter.
7590514
In my opinion, I don't think it would've changed anything over there, considering it was resolved quickly enough, even with the changed events. And it wasn't actually that big a blow, from what I see.
-The Situation in Perú, I'll suppose that Twilight will reach to Perú somewhere in the 1840:
1.- Politics: There's tension in the government since The new dictator Gamarra has taken over Perú and is helding dictatorial powers to (first) ascertain his control over Perú, exiling Liberals in the process (including priests, like Luna de Pizarro who decided to flee to Chile while Gamarra was in charge) and preparing his army to invade Bolivia and get rid of Andrés de Santa Cruz (who was hiding from Gamarra) and annex Bolivia to Perú. He was a very authoritarian man who wanted power and modify the institutes to his liking.
2.- Economics: Thanks to Andrés de Santa Cruz and his management of the Peru-Bolivian confederacy, Perú and Bolivia had an increase in their economic front so Perú was in a good position with the national production of wheat and sugar while Cotton and sheep wool was getting exported (and Gamarra also made a deal for exporting guano for 6 years). The mining was getting Gold, Silver, Copper, Azogue and Salitre. He also declared Free Ports Arija, Cobija, Callao and Paita (making a big strike for the Chilean port of Valparaíso).
3.- Social issues: Perú has for the most part amerindians, mestizos and a slight amount of europeans that were emigrating there (during the 1850's chinese will start flowing into Perú to replace the slaves, since slavery was abolished during this time), and racism is a problem here (mostly against blacks, but later down the line it would be against asians). The country want to unify Perú and Bolivia.
4.- Religion: The Catholic Church is influential in the country and is always going for a Liberal policy (better education and a federal state, since the Church in Perú is aligned with the Liberals, nobody messes with the Church). The Peruvians are mostly (over 80%) catholics because during the times of the colony, the priests made their job to preach the word and turn the indians into christianity.
5.- Culture: The Peruvian culture is mostly influenced by the Incas (who worked on architecture, pottery, statues among other things that the Catholic Church preserved), the Inca culture it's still a part of the Peruvians, the music is andean (again, coming from the Incas) and the Peruvians have their own drink (like the Chicha, which can be drink like alcohol when made as Chicha de Jora) and food (cebiche is a good example, being made of Fish, bitter orange and onions as main ingredients).
-The Journey in Perú:
After departing from Guayaquil,Twilight would get to Perú through one of its main ports (like Callao) and from there she would go to Lima and meet with Gamarra. She would hear from him all the reasons he (and peruvians in general) despise Bolívar (possibly for asking about The Great Colombia), using reasons like his abuse of power over the country, murdering political enemies (like Torre Tagle, who was framed as a traitor by the country and was executed by that) and splitting Perú and Bolivia. Gamarra would ask her for support in his attempt to recover Bolivia and Twilight would respond by saying that she would have to make some research on the subject matter before deciding (up to Mint20 what side would Twilight pick and if Gamarra would win or not). After making some arguments, Twilight would manage to make an embassy and make a few deals so Perú and Equestria could benefit from being friends.
1.- Politics: the personal recommendation is that Twilight should stay neutral on the subject matter between Perú and Bolivia (for Gamarra would die in the attempt, making Bolivia an independent nation forever) and promise neutrality in the peruvians affairs.
2.- Economics: Twilight would be able to make a deal of Peruvian copper (so Equestria could make some use of it) or cotton in exchange of Equestrian goods (not too sure which ones).
3.- Religion: If by this point Twilight is curious enough, she might ask to the Church for details on their beliefs (if she haven't done it in Mexico) but she would meet a difference with the liberal church in Peru (compared to the conservative churches in the rest of Latin America) so she shouldn't have problems dealing with the church here.
4.- Culture: the high mountains would give Twilight some beautiful landscapes of Peru (along the Inca cities) and she would have to meet some of the food, and maybe taste chicha (and accidentally drink the alcoholic one? It would be hilarious). After seeing some racism in Perú, she would be starting to see some likeness between the nations of Latin America and her own (speciesism).
After making the deals, a few weeks later, Twilight would be leaving Perú thinking how to deal with Bolivia (and how they could be, since they're so close to war) and from here she would hear less about Venezuela and more of Chile and Argentina (with an expansionist Chile and the confederacy in Argentina and it's potential dictator) and that, if done right, she could have some very good allies in those two nations.
And (if Mint20 wants to add this warning) to be careful with the general in charge of Venezuela, he's not to be taken lightly.
That's all I have, I hope this is helpful to you Mint20. Any opinions on this?
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Districts_of_Lima.svg/490px-Districts_of_Lima.svg.png
Map of Lima, Perú.
Alright, now to finally speak about my opinions on immigration prospects. Or at least a part of it for now. I do see this as something that may be brought between Bustamante and Twilight. Perhaps only as discussion, since I don't think that would be among the first things both countries would deal with. Or at least during Twilight's stay there. That would be trade agreements or something like that. Anyway, since moving to another country ain't a simple or easy decision, most of the time anyway, let's go over step by step.
First of all would be: motive. Why would ponies would want to leave Equestria? Well, so far it doesn't look like Equestria's situation would encourage emmigration. If anything, the eastern reaches are still likely to be more inviting than to move out of the country altogether. On the other hand, the story has shown already that there are ponies interested in moving out. Mainly, the Apple Family. And makes sense, considering it's to expand their farming business. The Apples are then most likely to be the ones to open that door, and once it opens, it's open for everyone else. Then again, I go with the fact the story has only so far mention them in regards to ponies wanting to move out. So far the only ones who have actually done it are the ambassadors, but that's part of their job description, so I don't really count them for this topic.
In any case, the show itself has proven this correlation. The Apples had a hoof in the establishment of places like Ponyville and Appleloosa, but they didn't do it alone. They would simply spearhead the motivation for other ponies to follow. Once the Apples start expanding out, it's likely other ponies will go with them, sooner or later. It wouldn't have to be right away anyway. It could just be the Apples alone at first.
And naturally, when it comes to my country in specific, the perk of being neighbors means being at the top of the list. I do see the Apples making that decision as well. Still close to Equestria, and can prove as a testing ground to their business on the human countries.
Well, I think I'll stop for now. Would be good to know what others think on my conclusions here. I will continue at another time.
After Gamarra died, the executive branch was led by his internal president (Manuel Menéndez) who decided to give amnesty to all the political exiles that left the country for/by Gamarra and, also, quickly managed to bring peace between Perú and Bolivia (recognizing its independence and leaving any Peruvian pretention to regain it). After that, he was quickly deposed by Juan Crisóstomo Torrico (a general that was on Chile while being in the exile for Gamarra because Torrico was trying a coup against him, perhaps Twilight could meet him on her way to Chile?) who made a coup d'etat in August 16th of 1842.
This would start a period known as the "Military Anarchy" where the government would be under the control of generals that came to power through coups, Torrico being the first one although he wouldn't last more than a couple months before being thrown out by another general (Torrico would be trying to coup any government during his whole life).
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Juan Crisóstomo Torrico.
The Next general in charge would be Juan Francisco de Vidal La Hoz (Who was sided with Manuel Menéndez and decided to get rid of the usurper Torrico), and, for over another couple months (October 17th 1842 - March 15th 1843), he would hold the presidency and attempt to fix the many problems the country was having (like improving the education and reducing the foreign debt) but then a new general would make a revolution and (in an attempt to avoid a bloodshed) he would resign the presidency and give it to the new usurper general. Vidal de la Hoz would stay in exile until a new constitutional general would come to stop the anarchy and would pacify the Peruvian Republic.
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Jaun Francisco de Vidal de la Hoz (April 2nd of 1800 - September 23rd of 1863).
The next (and last) General in controlling Perú would be Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco (April 7th of 1843 - June 17th of 1844) who once tried to make a coup against Gamarra in 1840, but he failed (defeated by a general that would become his eternal nemesis). Now he managed to take control of Perú and (showing his authoritarism) started to imprint his personality in the country step by step (like forcing, both, civilians and military to make a public oath of loyalty to him, numerous banishments and violent decreeds against law infringers). But he would be defeated by the same general that stopped him in 1840 (his eternal nemesis) and, after accepting defeat, would go to voluntary exile in Labrador, Ecuador, and would stay there until 1849.
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Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco
Since he will be involved in the history of Perú for a longer while, I won't say what happened to him after that. I'll just sat that my next post will be more detailed on who was Vivanco's nemesis and how well he performed in his presidency but, for now, I'll leave it with this:
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Ramón Castilla
P.S.: I'm not done yet telling about the rest of Perú during the 1840's, but after this comes Bolivia, so I'll be researching that country after I talk about Ramón Castilla.
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Okay, continuing my theories here. The next step for this is in regards with the princesses. One thing is if there are ponies wanting to move out. Another is if the princesses would allow/want that. Currently, Equestria doesn't allow the transit of anyone, in or out, if I remember right (not that it completely discards any border transit from actually happening, at least with the Americans). But anyway, at this point in time I think the ponies are likely to wait for the princesses to give the ok to the idea of moving out before actually doing it.
Of the princesses, I think the idea is going to be divided. I see Twilight as being the most supportive of letting the ponies move out, with the sisters being more on the opposite side. Not sure on Cadence. Although, with 3 of the 4 being in journeys across the world, depending on what they get to witness they may change their mind or simply reinforce their current positions, as they could see what the ponies may be getting themselves into if they leave. But I still in the end see that the ponies will be allowed to leave.
As it is, though, they may however still have a say about where they can go, even if as advice. Ponies likewise may still not want to move that far away from Equestria that fast, except perhaps if they dare to do so.
And that's another perk of neighbors for my country.One thing I see Equestria doing regarding this is that it may still see the ponies moving out as still being Equestrian subjects, and thus may want to have a say should something happen to the ponies that are now living abroad. They've already seen the practice in action, and I don't see it as something they might reject to do themselves.As it is, once they do move out, I don't see them moving out of North America altogether at first. On the other hand, if equine interest in moving out is more business oriented than simply wanting to live elsewhere, at least at first, I don't see them not wanting to move to places like Europe or South America already. Perhaps.
Okay, I think that would be it for now. Next I'm finally gonna just focus on how things could go in my country. That will be fun to talk about, hehehe...
After ousting Vivanco out of the presidential office, Ramón Castilla decided to give back the government to Menéndez (who was the internal president before getting couped) and, after making an election that Ramón Castilla would legitimally win, Castilla would start an era of [almost] pacific republican government that would stabilize Perú and make it rise until 1867. Adding the revenue that came from the Guano exportations (an period in their history that would be called "the Guano era").
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Presidency: April 20th of 1845 - April 20th of 1851 (First President in finishing his mandate)
The shortest way to talk about Castilla's presidency would be on the following aspects:
- Institutional Stability.
- Order in the National Economy.
- Foreign Economic Prestige through the payment of foreign debt.
- Interior Security.
- Relevancy in the International level.
- Intelectual and Material Progress.
- Beginnings on the development of the Amazon zone.
This Republican era was the best moment in Perú's history during the 19th century as Ramón Castilla (using his strong position as a Caudillo) would allow the public intitutions to work freely, allow the freedom of the press (inside that the law allowed so no abuse could be comitted), promoted national unity (allowing the Vivanco opposition to work with him) and defeating any coup attempt (among those, one would be attempted by Torrico, again) and exiling said generals.
Economy:
Three aspects can be accounted as factors in the mayor rehauls that Castilla made in the Wealth System:
A) The Creation of a national wage so the country could know where their money was going to, and while Castilla wasn't the first one in attempting to make one, he would be the first one in fulfilling it. Reporting the income through indians tributes and Shipment (and a slight income for each year it was applied). After this, the National Wage would be among the first things discussed each year in the Peruvian Parliament.
B) The Guano exportation: Thanks to the guano found on the peruvian islands and litoral, Perú would be found in a situation where they could export guano at very good prices (thanks to the guano's fertilizing properties, they were very demanded at the time by Europe, who needed it for its farms). The Government, after seeing its gain, decided to make in 1849 a system where The State would own the Guano but would make a Firm to extract, transport and sell the Guano. The Firm would have to find the best price for the Guano, then he would add all the expenditures to the final price and a commission, with the leftover being given to the state. This large amount of income would be invested in National Defense and the payment of foreign and internal debt (this was how started the "Guano Era" and it would last until 1870, with Chile stealing the guano producer islands through War).
C) The Payment of Foreign and Internal Debt: Perú had large internal debts thanks to its civil wars, it also had foreign debt to England (who financed them through the Independence Wars), Colombia (who defeated them in war), Chile (Finance during the Independence Wars), Spain (something related to the independence), France and the USA (Unknown). Castilla made a law that would pay the internal debt (which would cause corruption scandals in the next presidency) and would pay the foreign debt to all the nations it owed (except Spain until it recognized its independence). This would bring Perú into International Recognition for its payment of its foreign debt.
National Defense:
Being a General, and considering that Perú was surrounded by 4 nations (and Chile being governed by the expansionist Minister Portales), Castilla focused on National Defense:
- He modernized the army: He brought Percussion rifles, replaced the old cannons with High Caliber Obuses and would create an artery mastering for its reparations along a Copper and Iron Forge in Bellavista to replace the weaponry.
- He reopened the Military School in Bellavista.
- He acquired the Frig Mercedes and the Brigs Guisse and Gamarra. He also acquired the Second South american Steam ship (Chile being the first one), the [i}Rimac in July 1847, and then ordered another one (the Frig Amazonas) which would come in the next government. This was because a British squad would take away a Peruvian ship in 1844, which would led to Castilla searching for a better Ship Squad so no Foreign Navy could impose on them. Castilla's ideas were "if Chile buys a ship, we must buy two) and this would transform Perú into The First Navy Power on South America.
- He built the Naval Port of Paita.
- He built the Naval Factory of Bellavista for the repairing and maintenance of Naval Ships, also a Forgery. This would be the best in South America until the Chileans would destroy it in 1881.
- In terms of Internal Defense, Castilla consolidated the Police force in both foot and horse.
As an example of this, when the Gold Fever would start in California, USA, some Peruvian who lived close to the sites would ask Castilla for defense (because of some local disturbances) and he would send the ship Gamarra for 10 months.
International Policies:
To bring stability to Perú, Castilla would search for International recognition through:
- He stablished Embassies in the USA, England, Chile, Bolivia and Ecuador and he created two consulates in France and Brussels. This would make Castilla into the bringer of Peruvian diplomacy.
- He was very active against Juan José Flores attempt to invade Ecuador through Spanish help. Castilla Started the First Congress of Perú (presided by the Peruvian Chancellor José Gregorio Paz Soldán) and would bring Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia and Chile. This Congress would decide that an attack to any of them was an attack to all of them and they would react accordingly. This was one of the main reasons Flores's attempt failed.
- He established the First American Congress between 1847 - 1848 that would focus on "the terms needed to bring stability to the nations of South America". This would bring a lot of peace to Perú.
- He normalized the relationships between Bolivia and Perú.
Education:
In 1850, and after getting good counsels, Castilla would create a law allowing the State to have control of the schools, creating the 3 systems of School, High School and College, helping the education problems that Perú had for many years.
Intelectual Aspect:
Castilla would allow the debate among conservatives and Liberal intelectuals (both sides led by Catholic Priests). This caused high debates in National interests (like Slavery) that would be brought to the Parliament.
Other Achievements:
- He abolished the caste systems, which would allow the society to raise itself into the high class, in terms of wealth.
- Since the farmers would ask for more workforce, the Parliament would create in 1849 a law that would allow immigrants to come (since the biggest focus were Chinese, this was called the "Chinese Law") and they would help in the farmlands and guano exportations.
- To get rid of the laws stablished by the Spanish crown, a group of jurist would create the first Civil Code that would begin in Perú in 1852 and would last until 1936.
- Steam travel was promoted, allowing to travel from Perú to Panama.
- The First Train was brought to Perú (and second in South America) that would go from Lima to Callao. This was created in 1851.
- IT was created the postal service.
- The first mechanic sew was brought to Perú, allowing Perú to manufacture clothes and other cotton products in 1847.
- It was brought the first factory of Sulfuric Acid, Crystal, Paper, etc. The First Paper Factory was used by the [still existig] Newspaper media, El Comercio.
- It was created the First Central Market of Lima, eliminating the minor markets that were focus of diseases.
- Water Services (with Iron Pipes) were brought to Callao, Arica and Islay.
- It was created the Rules for Police, Estadistic and Public Beneficiency.
- It were built Churches, Hospitals, Schools, markets, Forts, roads, bridges, etc. Along the whole Republic.
- It were brought back the human rests of José de La Mar and Agustín Gamarra.
In 1850, Castila would support José Rufino Echenique (with the support from the conservatives) in what historians would call "the first true elections" in Perú. Echenique would be the winner in this election (and the presidency would be changed in April 20th of 1851) and become the next president of Perú.
That's the history of Perú in the 1840's. I hope you have enjoyed this and found something useful for your story, thank you for reading and now, I'm going to research Bolivia.
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So, now shifting from the pony side of the subject to the human one. And especifically, my country.
So, in the first decades since independence, Mexico saw quite a lot of immigration. The bad side was that most of them were Americans moving into the relatively unpopulated north. And we know how that ended up. And it's precisely because of that, that the government tried to make measures to counter this, which unfortunately didn't had that high degree of success.
As it is, and especially after how the Pastry Affair went now in this story, the Mexican government would not have much opposition to the idea of admitting pony immigrants at this point in time or in the relatively near future. So, let's go over a big factor: location.
If we take into consideration that it's very likely the first immigrants will mostly be members of the Apple family with the purpose to expand their farming business, then that can help narrow down probable locations. But if there's one thing to consider with Earth Ponies, is the fact that they can seemingly grow anything almost anywhere. Let's take the apples themselves. Over the Barrel showed that they could grow apples just fine in a desert enviroment, despite not being the best place to grow apples. That said, the episode did showed as well a river next to the trees, so that aspect of growing crops is unchanged.
As such, as I doubt we'd have pegasi already moving out for weather manipulation, it would have to be the old fashioned way of having a nearby water supply. And that is what can determine which areas could they move to.
As it is though, each side is very likely to have their own plans over where exactly. As I mentioned, the Mexican government would like to give priority to countering American immigration, so they might want to have the ponies settle in the north. As for the ponies... I could see it going either way. In any case, as the hosts, the Mexican government would have the final say on the matter, and thus the north would be. But where in the north exactly? Well, right now, Texas would be claiming all that extra land like in OTL, which of course extended far beyond Texas's actual borders back then. The Mexican government might choose to have the ponies settle on the actual "disputed" areas. So that would mean between the Rio Bravo and Texas itself.
Of course, this is taking into consideration if this happens in the early 1840's. There's also the matter of where exactly in the "disputed" area. Either way, there are a few other things that may pop up as well when it comes to possible pony immigrants. But that's for next time.
“You don't know me; you never knew my heart. No man knows my history. I cannot tell it: I shall never undertake it. I don't blame any one for not believing my history. If I had not experienced what I have, I would not have believed it myself. I never did harm any man since I was born in the world. My voice is always for peace.”- Joseph Smith Jr.
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So, if we take a possible situation where pony immigration happens in the early 1840's, and the most likely destination the government would want is the "disputed" area, then now comes to determine possible locations.
Well, if we assume it's the Apple family (as so far there's no mention of other possible candidates), then they need a water supply for their crops. The area isn't exactly devoid of water sources. There's the Rio Bravo itself, and then other rivers and branches like the Pecos River. And considering the intent for business, it would be ideal to not be far from human settlements.
So here's the thing. Near the Rio Bravo at the time there's certainly not a lack of settlements in the "disputed" zone, being actual towns or church missions. Santa Fe, Albuquerque, Las Cruces, El Paso, Ysleta, Presidio, Laredo, etc. Any of these places could see pony prescence nearby. That said, this is if the intent is to be near them. There's also the possiblity of settling farther from the Rio Bravo. Perhaps even near the Texas border to emphasize the counter of American immigration angle of the Mexican government, like say, near the Nueces River. This is likely to not impact their ability to do business even if they're not near Hispanic settlements. There's also the Native Americans after all, and even Anglo-Americans across the border, if they so choose to (though perhaps unlikely if the Mexican government has an objection to that, who knows).
And on that note, there might some other conditions attached, as well. So that's for next time.
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As it is, this situation is essentially one more case of the Empresario system. I don't know really know if the government continued with the system after Texas's revolt, but I would guess for those laws to still be valid IOTL at least before the Mexican-American War.
Anyway, I would think at, at least if it's done on the early 1840's, it would be through the Empresario system. The ponies would be given a land grant at the chosen location, once the necessary processes are done with. It would have to be done through a single individual (in this case, the head of family), and the grant could be up to a max total area of one square league, which is about 4438 acres. If the family owned cattle, they could claim up to one full additional league.
And now, comes to speak of the attached strings. There were a few rules to follow. The families could invite settlers to move in, foreigners or from the country itself, but the settlers had to report this to the nearest authority. The settlers also had to have a job once they moved in. But the more important ones, which especially applied to the foreigners, was to learn Spanish and convert to Catholicism (this last one is likely to apply more to the settlers than the Empresario and its family, but I'm not entirely sure). Naturally, these laws were largely ignored, considering how places like Texas were so far away from the capital to be actively monitored, so the Americans (as in the end, the Empresario system was only almost exclusively used by them) never felt compelled to change their ways.
Now, as I've mentioned long ago, this very fact is going to change how the Mexican government will treat the ponies once they come wanting to settle in. While concerns about them pulling a second Texas may not be that likely, they might still feel the need to see the laws fully enforced, as a just in case. But well, that would be up to how the circumstances are when these things do end up happening.
And, well, that would be it. The Empresario system was what deal with the settlement of the north. For ill or good. There's probably some last stuff to cover regarding what ponies may expect once they now live over there. But that's for another time.
I would just like to say that how did I not find this story earlier this is the best thing I've read this month at least
Bolivia had a different path towards freedom from the Spanish Empire, José de San Martín had a very hard time liberating the Higher Perú (today Bolivia) and had to ask help from Bolívar. When Bolívar came (and after some negotiations) San Martín left from Perú, leaving the liberation of the rest of Perú to Bolívar who decided to go and finish the job. When the High Perú was liberated, they wanted to call Bolívar as their president, but Bolívar declined and, a few months later, gave the presidency to Antonio José de Sucre.
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Antonio José de Sucre: Febraury 3rd of 1795 - June 4th of 1830
Presidency: December 29th of 1825 - April 28th of 1828
Sucre's Presidency, both Constitutional and Lifetime thanks to Bolívar's Constitution, was focused on the creation of the institutions in Bolivia. Sucre himself (while considered Bolívar's second son) allowed the Bolivians decision of becoming an independent state (something that Bolívar didn't liked because of his ambitions to create the Great Colombia, he wanted to annex Bolivia and Sucre didn't allowed) and helped them to stabilize themselves.
In 1826, Sucre gave the Bolivians their first Constitution and worked diligently to help the Bolivians (to the point of barely resting), he adopted the French Administrative system for departments (with Bolivia only having 5 at the time), sadly, the Bolivians that lived in the capital didn't liked him and attempted against his life, Sucre would survive this attempt but at the cost of having his arm wounded (which led to Gamarra, in Perú, to invade Bolivia under the excuse to help Sucre when in reality he did it to get rid of him from Bolivia and have a clear way to reannex Bolivia back to Perú) and deciding to go back to Colombia. He would pass the presidency to the General José María Pérez de Uridinea (who would have to back down from the presidency a few months later under the accusations of weakness for being uncapable of defending Bolivia from Gamarra's invasion).
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José María Pérez de Uridinea
After that, the presidency would go to José de Miguel de Velasco Franco who would try to stabilize the country but hi policies weren't well accepted and he got couped.
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José de Miguel de Velasco
After him, would come Andrés de Stanta Cruz, a General that would rule on Bolivia from 1829 to 1839. But that's another post.
Thank you for reading and have a nice day.
After the coup against Miguel de Velasco was made, Bolivia found itself on the verge of chaos. To avoid that, the Bolivian Congress decided to vote (on January 31st of 1829) for the General Andrés de Santa Cruz for the Temporary Presidency of Bolivia.
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Andrés de Santa Cruz
La Paz, Bolivia, December 5th of 1792 - Beauvoir, France, September 25th of 1862
Presidency:
May 29th of 1829 - February 17th of 1839
A Creole that whose origin was always questioned (although he was called Spanish by his Birth Act,he always had a Indian Skin, so his enemies would constantly use racist attacks against him) and, while originally fought for the royalist, was eventually convinced (by José de San Martín, liberator of Argentina himself) to fight for the independence of Perú (Bolivia was still a part of Perú by this point). After years of fighting, meeting Bolívar and also fighting for him, he saw the liberation of his country and the separation between Perú and Bolivia, something he never agreed on.
By the time Santa Cruz was voted for the presidency of Bolivia, he was in Chile on a Diplomatic mission on behalf of the Peruvian government and, after getting permission from the Peruvian Congress, he went to Bolivia to be its President and fulfill his dream: Transform Bolivia into the Macedonia of South America. To unify the Andean Region the same way Macedonia unified Greece.
After being sworn for the presidency, he quickly eliminated the Lifetime Constitution of 1826 and made a Liberal Constitution, he reformed and pacified the country; He Reorganized the Army, remade the financial structure of the country and upgraded the lands and economy of Bolivia.
He resigned his presidency in 1831 but the Congress ratified him for another 4 years with the rank of Great Marshall of Bolivia (while already being Great Marshall of Perú and Colombia), He was also given the title "Restaurateur of Peace" in Bolivia.
He ruled as a dictator and, with the help of the Bolivian Assembly. he made his Liberal Constitution in 1831 (which allowed a 4 years term with a reelection) and got elected for a Constitutional Term (although he then asked especial powers that the Assembly granted him after a very heated debate). During his presidency, he would:
- Establish Lancaster schools.
- Created the Mayor University of San Andrés, in La Paz, and the Mayor University of San Simón, in Cochabamba.
- Created the School of Medicine in La Paz, the National School of Science and the Military School of Bolivia.
- Made Plans to allow the brilliant Bolivian youth to travel to Europe.
- Made the Attributions of Governors, Prefectures, Corregidores and Land Mayors.
- Ordered the Public Land, which allowed a lot of savings for the country.
- Adopted the Napoleonic Civil Code, the project of Penal Code from the Spanish Deputy Calatrava, and the formation of the Trial Code along the Merchant and Mining Code, through Special Commissions he (sometimes) went to see when they were on session.
- Made the first Census and General Map of the Country.
- Made a Trade Deal with France whose first Representative later went to Bolivia.
- Established a Discount and Circulation Bank.
- Imposed the publicity of Investment through the General Accountable Administration.
- He Built Road and bridges so the Bolivians could go from the coast, in Cobija - which was called Frank to improve trade -, to Tarija, in the border with Argentina. Santa Cruz was known for traveling a lot in Bolivia to know better his country.
- Reorganized and Professionalized the Army, he raised the Defenses on the border to be ready against an invasion made by Gamara while preparing an invasion against Perú himself. A lot of Foreign Militaries were involved in this, like the Irish O'Connor and the German Braun. He also made the National Guard.
- One of the most censored laws he made was the law of low coin (which would cause problems in the border between the Perú and Bolivia until Ramón Castilla would come to the presidency in Perú) on 1830.
He also managed to become a president of Perú during the time of the Perú-Bolivian Confederacy.
After taking advantage of Orbegoso and Gamarra (and exiling Gamarra on battle in Perú) he convinced Orbegoso to make the Perú Confederacy and divided Perú on 3 provinces: North-Perú, South-Perú and Bolivia. Orbegoso ruled on North-Perú while Santa Cruz ruled on Bolivia (and was the main President of the Confederacy) and worked for 3 years to modernize Perú as well.
Santa Cruz Used the Napoleonic was to train the Peruvian Army (although they didn't liked to use the Bolivian uniforms) and made a census on Perú. He implemented the many systems he used on Bolivia to modernize Perú (and the Peruvians, while hurt on their nationalism, admitted that this reforms were good for them, made circulate the Bolivian Coin on Perú among many more moves.
But this Confederacy wouldn't last too much because Chile (lead by the Imperialistic Minister Duarte - although he wasn't the President, he technically rued Chile - who saw the Confederacy as a risk to Chile's expansionism) wanted to stop it and decided to give their numbers to Gamarra (and Duarte's death, somehow, made the Chilean people to invade the Confederacy as well).
After the Confederacy was dissolved, Andrés de Santa Cruz went to Bolivia to run from Gamarra (while tearing at his failed dream) and reorganize his army for the reconquest but, when he got on Bolivia, he found out that the Generals Ballivián and Velasco decided to rebel against him, which made him resigned from his presidency and left to Guayaquil.
He would live in Guayaquil, Ecuador, and later move to Quito, Ecuador, for a few years. He would later try to move to Bolivia after hearing his name being said a few times but, when he got on Bolivia, he was arrested and (after a trial) exiled to Chile, where he would live very nicely (as in, he had a mansion and personal assistants) and received visitors (like the Polish-Chilean - born on the Russian Empire - Ignacio Domeyko) and he never gave up on his idea of a Confederacy between Perú and Bolivia. After some protests from France, Ecuador and England, the Governments of Perú, Bolivia and Chile would agree on exiling him from the American Continent and sent him to France (on 1845), where he would live as a Plenipotentiary from Bolivia from 1848 to 1855.
He would return later in 1855 (staying in Argentina) for the Presidential Elections of said year but he would lose against Jorge Córdova and would stay in Argentina, and then go to France again where he would die.
His presidency was among the best of Bolivia (while also being a dictator like president) who still cause controversy for it's hard to agree on how did he affected Bolivia (while also agreeing that his presidency brought a time of glory never seen again).
The Presidency of Bolivia would pass to Miguel de Velasco once again in 1839, thank you for reading and have a nice day.
Now that Miguel de Velasco was in charge again as a De-Facto President, he decided to make the necessary changes needed in Bolivia made by Santa Cruz (who governed like a dictator) but keeping the improvements he brought.
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Miguel de Velasco
Presidency (De-Facto): February 22nd of 1839 - June 10th of 1841
September 29th of 1795 - October 13th of 1859
Miguel de Velasco first decided to make a new Constitution that would eliminate the many presidential powers that Santa Cruz created for himself, like the president being capable of going into a reelection, he no longer could sign Federal or Confederal deals and the Military budget was cut out tremendously. All of this while trying to fight a fierce opposition from both the inside and the outside of Bolivia. In the outside, he had to face Juan Manuel de Rosas (Argentina) who was housing Unitarian Bolivians (Velasco's enemies) and the Argentinian War was causing serious problems to the Bolivian Comerce (to which Velasco tried to fix by sending a truce deal to the Governor of the Salta State in Argentina) which would cause problems inside Bolivia and the Bolivian traders would then finance Velasco's internal enemies (Manuel Isidoro Belzú), who would later coup him in 1841).
The new Constitution was made by June of 1841 and in the 10th of that month Velasco received a coup by the general Sebastián Agreda, who would exile him for a while. Velasco would return to Bolivia in September to run for the elections but, once Gamarra decided to invade Bolivia from Perú, he would put aside his political ambitions and join with his political enemy Belzu to defeat Gamarra in the battle of Ingavi in November 18th of 1841.
He was succeeded by Sebastián Agreda (the one who couped him in June 10th of 1841) who would last a month entrenched on Cochabamba and he would be put out of the "presidency" in July 9th of 1841. All that can be said about him was that he was loyal to Santa Cruz and tried to bring him back to power.
After Agreda came Mariano Enrique Calvo, from July 9th to September 27th, the first civilian president who was very well educated and versed on politics and laws and he even worked in the government of Sucre (Minister of Interior) to Santa Cruz (Minister of Justice) but he couldn't do anything as he was couped by Ballivián. Mariano Enrique Calvo would die on Cochabamba in July 29th of 1842.
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José Ballivián Y Segurola
Presidency: September 27th of 1841 to December 27th of 1847
Life: May 5th of 1805 - October 6th of 1852
His presidency would mainly focus on following the style of government made by Santa Cruz and he would make Bolivia export Guano and Cascarilla, but he would govern as a (very poor) dictator. The discontent made by his poor management would be so bad that he would quit and pass his presidency to Eusebio Guilarte Seba and go to Chile and (a few years later) to Brazil, where he would die.
Eusebio wouldn't last too much because he was so weak on his presidency that Miguel de Velasco would coup him on January 3rd and take the control of the country again (just to be couped by his political enemy Belzu on December 6th of 1848).
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/ManuelIsidoroBelzu.jpg
Manuel Isidoro Belzu
Life: April 4th of 1808 - March 23rd of 1865
Presidency: December 6th of 1848 - August 15th of 1855
After a rebellion made by the indian and the poor in the rich houses of La Paz, Belzu won the battle of Yamparáez and become a De Facto president in Bolivia. He would make himself a Constitutional President after making a new Constitution on in 1851 (a Constitution even more Liberal than the one made in 1839 which was more adapted to the modern problems of Bolivia. This Constitution would ensure Freedom of the Man, prohibited censorship, abolished slavery, guaranteed private property and the State would be capable of expropiate it for the Public if necessary and reduced the Presidential term to 5 years). He would reform the Penal Code, Civil and Administrative plus making new codes for the military and mining, part of this penal reform would benefit the indians and poor with free justice.
He almost face war with the President José Rufino Echenique for the "feble" coin of Bolivia invading Perú (problem created by Santa Cruz on the first place) but a Liberal and bloody civil war (lead by Ramón Castilla) would depose the President Echenique in Perú.
After fighting 53 revolutions against him, Belzu would get tired of the presidency and he would quit in 1855 and would leave to Europe. 10 years later he would come back to Bolivia to fight the pretensions made by Mariano Melgarejo (dictator known for being very infatuated to his horse... please change the horse for a pony or make this a very good joke) in 1864. Thanks to the support of the people, Belzu managed to win the fight and the government but, in the confusion, Melgarejo would manage to find him on the "Burned Palace" and kill him.
Now that I have gathered the history of Bolivia until the 1850's (and found certain dictator worth a joke here) it's time to write Twilight's visit to Bolivia. Thanks for reading and have a nice day.
Wow. How time flies.
Great chapter btw, and I'm glad to see many of the subject matters we had talked about being brought up (or introduced) here. Hopefully I will actually read the next chapter when it comes up.
That...explains a number of things regarding King Odryn. Making his possible future death even more tragic too.
Btw, does anyone want me to re-continue my "research" on the Griffon tribes (especially the Mountain griffons)?
Hey there Mint20.
I realized I never told you much about who Colonel/Sheriff 'Old Irons' Farsight is based on. Well in regards to his past history, he is a combination of historical figures of the American Wild West (during the later half of the 19th Century), such as Seth Bullock and Buffalo Bill. His role in the 11th (Carabinier Commandos) Regiment of Hoof, is similar to that of Colonel Leonard Wood. As for his actual characteristics and personality, he is entirely based on a certain native-born Californian (very befitting), who's mustache is only outmatched by his voice in (Western/cowboy) manliness; Sam Elliott.
Or at least, some of the various roles he's played (mainly in Gettysburg [Brigadier General John Buford] and Rough Riders [Captain Bucky O'Neil]). Also just for laughs, you could have him appear at the Ponyville bowling alley, chatting with "The Dude" Lebowsky Pony [who could possibly be in the 6th (1st Ponyville Light Infantry) Regiment of Hoof ] .
Soooo, Luna is creating the first Equestrian Special Air Service Regiment?
Anyways, I think it's time that I continue/redo my assessment on the Equestrian Military/ Armed Forces, before any further updates are made.
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Since we are already halfway (or even three-quarters) through 1839, I am going to instead focus on the Equestrian military/ armed forces in 1845 (after the Princess Luna Reforms of 1840).
Equestrian Army:
Combat Arms
Cavalry
- 3 Cavalry Guard Regiments [Royal Guard]
- 2 Air Cavalry Regiments [I Corps]
- 4 Dragoon Regiments [I Corps]
- 4 Light Cavalry Reserve Regiments [Royal Frontier Defense]
- 2 Pegasi Rifle Reserve Regiments [Royal Frontier Defense]
- 1 (Pegasi) Rifle Scout Squadron [Royal Border Patrol; (6 troops) 1 troop per regiment]
Total: 15,600 [9,000 Regulars + 6,600 Territorial Reserves]
Infantry
With the exception of the Royal Border Patrol, infantry regiments would now contain 3 field battalions (plus logistic battalions- more on that later) of 500 ponies each; 2 active battalions during peacetime, plus 1 reserve battalion [made up of part-time recruits and/or retired regulars] that could be called upon during a state of emergency.
- 6 Hoof Guard Regiments [Royal Guard]
- 1 Fusilier Regiment [I Corps]
- 3 Light Infantry Regiments [I Corps]
- 1 Highland Regiment [I Corps]
- 6 Line Infantry Regiments [I Corps]
- 1 Rifle Regiment [I Corps]
- 6 Grenzer (Border Infantry) Battalions* [Royal Border Patrol; 1 battalion (8 companies) per regiment]
Total: 31,800 [18,000 Regulars + 13,800 Territorial Reserves]
* Often called 'Buff Battalions' by Regular Army members, referring to the all yellow-brown uniforms worn by the Royal Border Patrol, and later by most other Territorial Reserve units (except those from the Northern, Greater Canterlot and Clover Valley regions, who favoured a fern or moss green version; and the Hoof Guard reserves).
Artillery
- 3 Air/Pegasi Artillery Regiments [1- Royal Guards, 2- I Corps]
- 3 'Light' Artillery Regiments [1- Royal Guard, 2- I Corps]
- 3 Mountain (Howitzer) Artillery Regiments [1- Royal Guards, 2- I Corps]
- 6 Mountain (Howitzer) Batteries [Royal Border Patrol; 1 battery per regiment]
- 3 Artillery Reserve Regiments [Royal Frontier Defense]
Total: 12,600 [9,000 Regulars + 3,600 Territorial Reserves]
Special Forces
Equestrian Special Air Service (Regiment)
Total: 1,000 [1,000 Regulars]
Grand Total: 61,000 [37,000 Regulars + 24,000 Territorial Reserves]
Combat Support Arms
Royal Pioneer Corps
- 6 Battalions (2 companies each) assigned to Dragoon [I Corps] and Pegasi Rifle [Royal Frontier Defense] Regiments
- 18 Battalions (3 companies each) assigned to Infantry Regiments [Royal Guard and I Corps]
- 6 Rail Battalions* (8 companies each) [Royal Frontier Defense]
- 6 Companies assigned to Royal Border Patrol Regiments
Total: 12,000 [6,200 Regulars + 4,800 Territorial Reserves]
*Mostly composed of army trained railway workers, these part-time pioneers can be called upon to secure/defend, maintain, expand, and/or demolish (if need be) the main 6 railway lines that connect Equestria's heartland to its northern and eastern regions (and later Mexico).
Royal Engineers Corps
-4 Regular Engineer Squadrons
-2 Reserve Engineer Squadrons
-1 Frontier/Rail Engineer Squadron
-1 Air (Zeppelin) Engineer Squadron [Est. in 1845]
Total: 4,000 [2,500 Regulars + 1,500 Territorial Reserves]
Royal Signals Corps
Each signal regiment contains 5 squadrons; 4 signal squadrons and 1 support squadron [each signal squadron is made up of 3 signal/communication troops and 1 support troop].
- 3 Regular Signal Regiments (each regiment attached to 2 Infantry Herds, 1 Cavalry Herd, and 1 Artillery Herd)
- 1 Territorial Reserve Signal Regiment
Total: 8,000 [6,000 Regulars + 2,000 Territorial Reserves]
Army Intelligence Corps
Officially called the Topographic Corps until 1842. Containing personnel enlisted from among the Royal Engineers Corps, Royal Signals Corps, Lunar and Stellar Guards, I Corps cavalry and rifle/light infantry regiments, and even civilians with highly valuable skills and/or connections. The Advanced Recce battalions were each assigned to each infantry division (or 6 regiments).
- 6 (Army Regular) Advanced Recce Battalions [each battalion has a HQ company, 3 Scout companies (each company has an all Pegasi Scout platoon, 2 Ground Scout/Pathfinder platoons and a signals squad/section), and a supply company]
- 3 (Territorial Reserve) Advanced Recce Battalions
- 1 Topographic Battalion [called the 'Road, River and Rail' Battalion until 1842]
- Army Liaison Office [roughly 500 officers and support staff]*
- The Special Reconnaissance Battalion [usually attached to the Equestrian Special Air Service]
Total: 6,000 [4,500 Regulars + 1,500 Territorial Reserves]
*By 1845, half of the ALO would be stationed in Equestrian embassies around the world (mostly in Europe and South America), a quarter of them in Mexico, while the rest were stationed among the griffon, human and buffalo tribes.
Grand Total: 30,000 [19,200 Regulars + 9,800 Territorial Reserves]
Combat Services
Royal Army Counselors' Department
Total: 3,000 [2,000 Regulars + 1,000 Territorial Reserves]
Royal logistical Service Corps
A logistical squadron (400 ponies) contained a company from each of the four services; Army Postal & Courier Service, (Royal) Transport, (Royal) Ordnance, and Army Catering (which included mobile field kitchens). Six logistical squadrons formed a regiment, which was assigned to one of the herds (or equal sized groups) in the Equestrian Army.
- 12 Regular Logistical Regiments [Royal Guard and I Corps]
- 3 Reserve Logistical Regiments [Royal Guard and I Corps 3rd battalions]
- 3 Frontier Logistical Regiments [Royal Frontier Defense]
- 2 Border Logistical Regiments [Royal Border Patrol]
- 2 Special Logistics Squadrons [Equestrian Special Air Service]
- 4 Campaign Support Squadrons [Equestrian Camel Train/Corps*]
Total: 50,400 [31,200 Regulars + 19,200 Territorial Reserves]
*Each Campaign Support Squadron has 40 Plains Griffons/Griffins hired as either camel handlers (Transport troops) or as Griffon Scouts (Postal, Ordnance and Catering Troops), making them some of the first non-Pony/Equestrians members in the Army. During peacetime, these squadrons are stationed in Salt Lick City, Ft. McIntosh, Caballo, and Apple Valley. Three of them are to provide logistical support/supply lines in Griffonia (Pocoltello) and/or Mexico (Albuquerque-to-Santa Fe, Las Cruces -to- El Paso), with one reserved for where-ever the army needed it most (Del Rio-to-San Antonio).
Army Medical Services
A Medical Service regiment contains four squadrons (each squadron made up of six troops).
- 4 Royal Army Medical Corps Regiments
- 1 Royal Army Dental Corps Regiment
- 1 Royal Veterinary Corps Regiment
- 6 Princess Cadenza's Royal Nursing Corps Regiments
Total: 28,800 [21,600 Regulars + 7,200 Territorial Reserves]
Adjutant General's Corps
- 8,600 Staff & Personnel (SPS) Branch members [handles the Equestrian Army's Finance, Accounting, Equine Resources (EQR- Pony version of HR), and ICT/M (Information & Communications Technology/Magic) within the Herd and Division headquarters. When not providing admin support, soldiers in the branch are often used for base-camp perimeter guard duties. Includes clerical staff in the Ministry of Defense Office, and Overseas/Cross-Borders Joint Headquarters]
- 6,000 Provost Branch members [4,000 Royal Military Police, 1,000 Military Provost Staff, and 1,000 Military Provost Guard Service]
- 400 Educational and Training Services Branch members
- 600 Army Legal Services members
Total: 17,600 [15,600 Regulars + 2,000 Reserves]
Small Arms School Corps
- 200 [Regular] members
Grand Total: 100,000 [70,600 Regulars + 29,400 Territorial Reserves]
Combined Grand Total: 191,000 (126,800 Regulars + 63,200 Territorial Reserves)
If you decided to go with these numbers, it would make the Equestrian Army the largest standing army in the history of the entire continent (until the final years of the American Civil War).
Hey, here's an interesting idea for you.
What if the areas of the south-western plains that were ruled by the Comanche in OTL were instead ruled by bands/ prides of Plains Griffons that settled there either before or just after the unification of the griffon tribes, or during the end of the 1600's (like the Commanche)?
And how would relations be like between the tribe's many neighbours? And how different will the wars in the West (mainly the Equestrian-American wars, and perhaps the wars between the 'Griffanche' and Americans before and after) be like?
- Twilight's Diplomatic Journey to Bolivia (considering how close is the port of Lima, Perú, to the port of Mejillones in Bolivia, this travel from country to country shouldn't take too long) probably reaching Bolivia a a month, at best, after leaving Perú:
A.- The Situation in Bolivia before Twilight's arrival:
- Politics: The State of Bolivia is in a total disarray for the internal fights between those who wants the Confederacy with Perú, those who doesn't want the confederacy and would rather have an independent Republic and the fight between Liberals and Conservatives as a whole. The De-Facto President, Miguel de Velasco, is trying to keep the country under control while trying to prepare official elections, making a new constitution AND preparing the Bolivian Army against a potential invasion from Gamarra.
- Economy: The Bolivian economy is in a disarray due to the most recent war and the new division between Bolivia and Perú. Bolivia is trying to keep their economy with their mining and other goods, but the current political situation doesn't allow for much.
- Social Issues: There was a racial divide between the poor black/indians, the middle class of mixed race and the rich white (who had the access to the better education) which was further increased for the current government crisis regarding who was governing Bolivia and the threat of a Peruvian invasion.
- Religion: Due to the European influence, Bolivia is highly catholic (today, 79% Catholic so there must have been more back then)and the Catholic Church is very influential.
- Culture: By this point in time, there's a huge Spanish influence mixed with the Indian (mainly from the Inca Empire)that used to live there, causing a "mestizo culture" whose result can be see on its architecture, sculture, etc. Also, thanks to Santa Cruz, the Bolivian Army has certain French Influence. You can see a resume of the Bolivian Culture here. And here's some Bolivian folk clothing:
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Desfile_en_El_Alto%2C_Bolivia.jpg/300px-Desfile_en_El_Alto%2C_Bolivia.jpg
- The In Bolivia:
After travelling for a few days, Twilight and her crew reaches the port of Mejillones. And after being received by the current President (Miguel de Velasco) and his court, they escort Twilight to the capital of Bolivia in the Department of Chuquisaca (the city is known today as Sucre, but it used to have a different name back then) in her journey, Twilight can detect the differences and similarities between the Peruvian and the Bolivians (Similars in how critical are their countries right now and how some of the population look at her with contempt but different in how the country is in a better shape thanks to Santa Cruz's administration) and, after reaching to the Capital in Chuquisaca, Twilight quickly tries to see what's going on in the country. Thanks to the fact that Velasco is making the transition to a democracy (although he still wants to rule his own way) the press and the population gives more information about Bolivia and its history than what Twilight could find out in Perú (what Twilight manages to find out, including about Bolívar's intermission in Bolivia, how he allowed it to become independent from Perú and Sucre's short but still good administration until the present, that's all up to you Mint20) and, after a day of rest, Twilight get to talk to Velasco. He tells Twilight of the problems that Bolivia is facing, about its call for independence, of how Gamarra is just another Authoritarian ruler as Santa Cruz and that Bolivia needs as much support as they can. Here are the things that Twilight could do for a better relationship with Bolivia:
- Politics: The most important thing Twilight could do is to pick which nation to side with (either Perú or Bolivia). By this point both countries looks in shambles for the division of the Perú-Bolivian Confederacy and is hard to tell which nation will rise (Bolivia was supposed to be the richer one thanks to all the silver mines it had before independence) and the nation Twilight decides to support could affect which one will rise (also take note that, with no intervention, Perú will have a great time thanks to the guano while Bolivia will face a continuous political crisis due to the constant military uprising and dictatorships) or will have better moments with Equestria. Twilight could also choose to make a deal with political leaders in both Perú and Bolivia (specially if you make her talk with Santa Cruz, whose exiled in Ecuador, when she comes back home to Equestria) to bring back the Confederacy (which would make an ironical thing that Equestria decides to intervene in Latin America by trying to unite its nations and have stronger allies while the USA tries to keep them divided to have better control over them) but, again, all of this is up to you and how you want to shape the world you created (personally, I would like the Gran Colombia that has Cuba, Puerto Rico, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia, Dominican Republic and Venezuela joined as one and that the Perú-Bolivian Confederacy is just one step to make such thing to happen but, again, that's up to you).
- Economy: As of now, Bolivia has the greatest amount of Silver in Latin America, if Twilight thinks that she can make a deal with it then so be it. Maybe an Equestrian guild dedicated to study the properties of Silver and see what they could use it for to increase the power of Equestrian mages.
- Social: Due to the military might of Bolivia and the fact that its located in high mountains, the most likely to be interested in going to Bolivia would be either Pegasi or Griffons and I'm very sure Bolivians would be very curious to have friends that could ease their travels through the dangerous mountains of what used to be known as High Perú.
- Religion: By this point Twilight must be wondering about the Christianism in Latin America and the influence it has (she must be aware by now that The Catholic Church have influence in the continent, so she might try to know what's that about) but IDK how would that relationship go in Bolivia. I'll also advise that the Catholic Church tends to vary from country to country, so the way the Catholic Church of (i.e.) Bolivia would treat Twilight in a different ay then in Venezuela.
- Culture: After meeting the locals and probably buying a few musical instruments from Bolivia, Twilight might try to see how does the Bolivian culture differentiates from Perú (again, seeing its similarities and differences).
After making the formal talks with Velasco and hearing about how Bolívar and Sucre (especially Sucre) liberated Bolivia (sorry, not sure the individual opinions, you can decide who says what about Bolívar) but without diminishing the efforts tried by San Martín, Twilight could make a choice (not in public, maybe in a letter sent to Luna telling her which of the two nations she think would benefit Equestria the most) and then continue her journey to Chile. No colony is going to be made and the embassy will take a while before things calm down in the country but Twilight do promises to come back in the future.
After leaving, Twilight wonders about the nation that has both Perú and Bolivia worried (Chile) for being called "expansionist", how could be a Confederacy (Argentina), while wondering how is that nation that had a Libertador, and starts to get her hopes up for meeting a royal in Brazil. And, a little bit more, wonders about that nation that she has been hearing so much about up in the northen side of South America and hopes that nothing wrong happens when she gets to Venezuela. But all of that is thinking far ahead, for now, she has her sights in Chile and, very soon, Bolivia.
That's it, from here on out I'll go directly to Venezuela and determine how that would go (although I'm very sure it will be far too long before you have to worry about that). Thank you for reading and have a nice day.
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It's your turn, how do you think Twilight would fare in Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, if she can find a way into Paraguay and what do you think would benefit the most Equestria form having a relation with the South Cone of South America.
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Okay, I might as well take a break and talk about Celestia's Grand Tour in Europe (and maybe North Africa). I will try to follow the same format used by Time Reaper to describe each country's situation both before and during the Princess' visit/journey (and what future relations might Equestria have) .
United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway (Sweden and Norway/ Sweden-Norway)
The Situation in Sweden and Norway before Celestia's arrival
Politics: The two separate kingdoms of Sweden and Norway were in a personal union under a common monarch and foreign policy (that would last from 1814 to 1905); but otherwise kept their own separate constitutions, laws, legislatures, administrations, state churches, armed forces, and currencies. Norway's constitution was more democratic compared to near-autocratic Sweden [around 40% of its (male) citizens had the right to vote], and adhered more strictly to the principles of separation of powers (between the executive, legislative and judicial branches). It also had a modified unicameral legislature, with more authority than any other legislature in Europe. In Sweden, the King had the power of absolute veto to "govern the realm", but only had a suspending veto in Norway.
The current reigning monarch at this point in time (1840) is King Charles XIV John of Sweden (King Charles III John of Norway), also known as Carl John. Ironically, the complex man who became the second king of Sweden and Norway [1818-1844], was originally born (as Jean Bernadotte) in France, and had served in the First French Empire (aka Napoleon Bonaparte's empire) as a Marshal of the Empire.
[If you want to hear more about him, let me know].
Economics:
With the recession after the Napoleonic Wars, economic development was slow in Norway until growth began around 1830. Most of Norway's economy was still largely based on small-farm agriculture, timber, and fishing, but also included mining and the developing textile industry. Despite the prosperity brought by years of peace (thanks to King Charles XIV John), Sweden was still an agricultural economy. Most likely grown in both countries would be hardy grains like wheat, oats and barley, plus potatoes.
Social Issues:
The autocratic king's unpopular censoring of the press, and his power struggle with the Storting (Norwegian Parliament), lead to some calling for his abdication during the Rabulists Riots in 1838. However he survived the controversy.
Sweden was experiencing a population increase attributed to "the peace, smallpox vaccine and the potatoes" that would lead to the mass emigrations to North America (starting in 1837 for Norwegians, and1841 for Swedes).
Religion:
As mentioned earlier, both Norway and Sweden had their own separate state churches, the Church of Norway and the Church of Sweden, receptively. These were both Lutheran denominations of Protestant Christianity, with the King as the constitutional head of each church [and therefore was obliged to profess himself a Lutheran- even if originally a Catholic]. The inter-twinning of State and Church often meant that bishops were appointed by the king, and all clerics were civil servants. It also meant that the will of the King was spiritually enforced by the state churches.
Culture:
Both Norwegians and Swedes are ethnic North Germanic people, but they are not the only inhabitants. The Sami people (also known better as Lapps or Lappplanders) are the indigenous reindeer herders of the Far North, who live in the northern and central regions of both countries. Northern Norway at this time period (since 1720) is also experiencing migrations of ethnic Finnic people called Kven from northern Sweden and Finland (the later currently part of the Russian Empire).
Having coffee (fika) with pastries, and the Swedish smorgasbord [a buffet-style meal with cold and hot dishes served] are some highlights in regards to food.
It's also worth pointing out that Swedish peasants were some of the most literate peasants in Europe at the time.
The Journey in Sweden-Norway
Stockholm is the capital city where the king resides throughout most of the year, and (more importantly) where matters of foreign relations/policy took place. Although Celestia had intended to visit the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway first (or just an error on my part ), due to both geography and news of certain events (King Christian VIII of Denmark ascending the throne in December 13, 1839), she is more likely to stop first at the capital of Sweden's Scandinavian rival (especially if she arrives in time to attend the new Danish King's coronation on June 28, 1840). To make matters worse [Edit: 'Interesting'], Christian VIII had also been the elected King of Norway back in 1814 (from May 17- October 10), before it was invaded and annexed by Sweden [under the command of its adopted Crown Prince Carl John] that same year. [More on her visit to Denmark later]
With that in mind, Celestia is certainly gonna have a lot to think and talk about when she finally meets King Charles XIV John of Sweden.
Politics:
Despite his somewhat strange explanation for annexing Norway [compensation for losing Finland to Russia], and his ultra-conservative ways, Celestia will have much to benefit from listening to Carl John. The most important being his foreign policy that involved the maintenance of the balance between the great powers (especially Great Britain and Russia), and the start of Swedish Neutrality. Both may have questions regarding each others' unique form of ruling.
Economics:
Because of the vast distances between Equestria and Sweden-Norway, and having similar resources/economics (although Equestria is perhaps more industrialized in some areas), not much can be expected in regards to trade. Although Equestrian canned fruits and vegetables (if that's an option) might be considered. After 1851, the biggest import coming to Equestria will likely be small steady waves of Norwegians and Swedes [but that's for another topic].
Religion:
Since Celestia has been to Denmark first, she may already have some knowledge about Lutheranism and the concept of State Church. Any question she does have for Carl John will mostly regard his unique position as head of two separate churches.
Culture:
The Norwegian and Swedish people, will probably remind Celestia of her little ponies from the Northern Region back home. The sight of reindeer further north might bring back certain 'memories' of another place.
Celestia will be slightly disappointed that coffee, rather than tea, is the main hot beverage of choice in both countries. While she may not have any Swedish meatballs, she might enjoy the Lingonberry jam (similar to cranberry sauce) that comes with it.
Conclusion:
Before departing Stockholm, King Charles XIV John will bid Celestia farewell, using the same words said to him by Napoleon- "Go, and let our destinies be accomplished." Carl John will also let Celestia know what to expect when meeting Czar Nicholas I of Russia.
Princess Celestia will mentally make comparisons and contrasts between Equestria and Sweden-Norway (as well as herself and Carl John), as she makes her way from the Baltic Sea into the thin Gulf of Finland, and St, Petersburg.
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Sounds good and I feel honored for you to copy my model, thank you very much.
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Thanks, and you're welcome, and it ain't easy.
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New updates have been made and completed.
The next post will be focused on the Kingdom of Denmark.
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Kingdom of Denmark
Situation in Denmark before Celestia's arrival
Politics:
Since the 1830s, Danish liberal and national movements have gained momentum.
In December 3rd 1839, King Frederick VI died and would be succeeded by Christian VIII (from 1839-1848) on the 13th. The Liberal Party had high hopes for the "giver of constitutions", but the new king's steadily rejections to every Liberal project would disappoint his admirers. The only reform he would promise was administrative reform. While growing national unrest occurred in the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein (now part of northern Germany), his attitude often seemed hesitated and half-hearted, which damaged his position there.
Economics
Denmark's economy was an agricultural one similar to that of Sweden-Norway (except for maybe a higher pork production and lack of natural resources). It should be noted that under the Danish crown, Denmark also included the duchies of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg [the later two were members of the German Confederation]. After Norway had split from its union with Denmark in 1814, the possession of Greenland, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands (who had been governed by Norway) remained under the later. Along with the Nordic possessions, Denmark in the 1840s still ruled the tiny colonies of Danish India, Danish Gold Coast [south-east Ghana], and Danish West Indies [U.S. Virgin Islands in OTL]. From1839 to 1869, these overseas colonies would gradually be sold to the British, with the exception of the Danish West Indies [which in OTL remained with Denmark until 1917- but that could change much sooner here].
Social Issues
As mentioned previously, there would be growing national unrest in the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein during the reign of King Christian VIII. It would not be until 1846 that he would clearly support the idea of Schleswig being a Danish area (as opposed to being a separate duchy under personal union to the Danish crown).
While the trade/transport of slaves (directly from Africa) had been banned since 1802, slavery in the Danish West Indies' sugar (and on St. Thomas Island, cotton) plantations would continue until 1848 (during a non-violent slave revolt, followed by the new Constitution).
Religion
In European Denmark, most Danes were Evangelical Lutherans, however it would not become a state-sponsored Folkekirken ("People's Church"/ "Folk Church") until after the 1848 Constitution of Denmark (which would also allow religious freedom to other faiths in the kingdom). Aside from Lutheranism, other Protestant groups included three Reformed churches united in the Reformed Synod of Denmark, made up of two Huguenot (French protestant) churches and a German Reformed church (also made up of some Dutch, Swiss, Hungarian, and American members, as well as Danes). A small Baptist community also began to appear around 1839/1840. Roman Catholicism was still considered illegal in Denmark since 1536 (when its churches separated from the Catholic Church), but there were small Catholic minorities still living there.
Since the 17th Century, small Jewish communities (mainly in Frederica and Copenhagen) have been present in Denmark. Despite several antisemitic riots that lasted for months in 1819 (without any known casualties though), the early 19th Century would see the complete emancipation of Danish Jews, followed by a flourishing cultural life. The Great Synagogue of Copenhagen [completed in 1833] was designed by G. F. Hetsch (who would also design a Catholic Cathedral in 1840), and would become a landmark building.
There had always been a great deal of religious freedom in the Danish West Indies, as long as all citizens observed Danish holidays. This was partially granted to help settle the islands, due to a shortage of willing settlers from Europe. Thus, a large portion of settlers were made up of English and Dutch fleeing religious persecution. Roman Catholics made up roughly one-fourth of the population, along with Anglicans, Moravians, other Protestants, and a community of Sephardic Jews in Saint Thomas (one of the oldest Jewish communities in the Western Hemisphere). Many African religions were not recognized however, because they typically revolved around belief in animism and magic, which were regarded as immoral and subservient. This scorn for such beliefs, along with the viewpoint that slaves could have better lives as Christians, led to many being converted.
Culture:
The culture of Denmark has a rich intellectual/scientific and artistic heritage.
Between his second marriage to Caroline Amalie (of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg) in 1815 and ascending the throne of Denmark, both Christian VIII and his second wife had been leaders of the literary and scientific community of Copenhagen. He would also continue his predecessor's patronage of astronomy, awarding gold medals to the discovery of comets by telescope, and financially supporting Heinrich Christian Schumacher (with the publication of his scientific journal Astronomishe Nachrichten ['Astronomical Notes']).
In regards to world-renown literature, Hans Christian Anderson was to Denmark, what Charles Dickens was to Great Britain (the two writers would actually meet each other in 1847).
Photography was just being introduced to Denmark around 1839, and while Danes argued on whether to place it as art or science, they would show a strong interest and participation.
The Journey in Denmark
When news reaches Celestia regarding Denmark having a new king, she may decide to make Denmark the first European country to visit on her tour. Whether she arrives in time for the coronation of King Christian VIII is up to Mint20. Also, I'm going to assume for now (until further notice by Mint20) that this version of Equestria is technologically similar to the one on the show. And maybe have her bring along Photo Finish [as well as some other news photographers and maybe even a film crew].
Politics
Most of the political issues I mentioned earlier won't occur until later in King Christian's reign. So as far as politics go, Princess Celestia will spend time (and coffee) with the new Danish king and queen learning what she can about the rest of Europe, especially regarding the monarchs of Sweden-Norway (as mentioned before) and Prussia (who also had a new King by June 7th 1840).
Economics:
There will be much talk about the Danish West Indies (if and when Princess Celestia learns about it), especially in regards to allowing Equestrian ships to port on the islands, as well as selling and unloading imported Equestrian goods/products for Denmark (with Danish ships returning home carrying them across the Atlantic). Perhaps at a discount price (or reduced shipping fee) compared to selling it in Europe. Such imported goods might include Equestrian cameras, gramophones/record players, imported wines, and maybe even zap apple jam.
Social Issues:
With talks of the Danish West Indies, comes talks of slavery in the Danish West Indies. While it might disappoint Celestia that such a progressive nation like Denmark still relies on slavery in one of its colonies. The king might try to point out that Denmark has certain regulations that guaranteed slaves the right not to be separated from their families, and the right to medical support during times of illness or old age. Whether or not he mentions that the colonial government usually never enacted these regulations, I'll leave it to Mint20.
On a much brighter note, Princess Celestia will take great interest in hear about how the Queen consort of Denmark has encouraged women of the nobility and upper class to be actively involved in society through philanthropy, as well as the two poor houses she has (currently) founded.
Religon:
Denmark is where Princess Celestia will be first introduced to both Lutheranism and Judaism. She might decide to visit the Great Synagogue of Copenhagen, and maybe where the new Cathedral is going to be built. She may also use Denmark as a reference to compare during the rest of her tour in Europe, regarding religion. It won't take too long for her to appreciate it.
Culture:
A major cultural exchange is going to take place between the Kingdom of Denmark and the Principality of Equestria, especially in the science and arts. Celestia might suggest having an Equestrian style observatory (similar to the ones in Canterlot and Manehatten) be built in Copenhagen. She will also make sure to bring Twilight along, the next time she visits Denmark.
By the time Celestia is ready to set sail for Stockholm, she knows that Equestria has already made one (non- great power) friend in Europe.
And with that, we'll continue where we previously left off- Princess Celestia's first visit to a great power on her tour, the Russian Empire. Oy Vey.
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Oh, Russia, now I'm curious.
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Russian Empire
Situation in the Russian Empire before Celestia's arrival
Politics:
The Russian Empire was controlled by its Emperor [known commonly as Tsar/Czar], an absolute monarch who ruled under an autocratic system. His authority was subject to only two limitations (intended to protect the status quo): the Emperor and his consort must both belong to the Russian Orthodox Church, and he must obey the laws of succession established by Emperor Paul I [which basically proclaims the monarch's eldest son as heir to the throne, followed by a strict order of legitimate dynasts in the male-line, and finally females in the female-line of the dynasty (in the extinction of all males)]. Aside from these, the Emperor's power was virtually limitless.
The current Emperor of Russia, as well as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland, is Czar Nicholas I [1825-1855]. A conservative reactionary, whose reign would be known for geographic expansion (the empire reached over 20 million square kilometers/ 7.7 million square miles by the eve of his reign), repression of dissent (both at home and in Europe), economic stagnation, poor administrative policies (appointing generals and admirals in high positions of government), a corrupt bureaucracy, and many expensive wars (mostly against Persia and the Ottoman Empire) with an army better suited for parade than battle. He would renounce the policy of Russian modernization/Westernization, that began with Peter the Great (first Emperor of Russia) and continued by the previous Czar Alexander I (older brother of Nicholas I), and replace it with one of Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationalism/Slav-ism.
Economics:
Among the five Great Powers in Europe, the Russian Empire would experience the least development during the early to mid 19th Century. It's economy was still based on agriculture, with its central and southern regions relying on serfs (non-free peasants bound to working for a landlord/noble). Timber and mining in Siberia and the Russian Far East were conducted by prisoners sent to penal labour colonies (Katorga). These exiled prisoners were made up of both criminals, political/intellectual dissidents, and participants in failed uprisings (mainly the 1825 Decembrist revolt and Polish uprising of 1830-1831).
Social Issues:
At his accession to the throne, Nicholas I would quickly put down a demonstration of 3,000 liberal-minded soldiers led by young Imperial Army officers, who sworn loyalty to Grand Duke Konstantine (Nicholas I's second older brother who renounced his claim) and their constitution- rather than the new Czar. Since the event took place on December 1825, it became known as the Decembrist revolt/uprising.
The Polish November uprising of 1830-1831 would lead to Poland losing its autonomy in the Empire. It also kept Russian troops from being sent to suppress the Belgians during their own uprising (along with a cholera epidemic in the Russian Army, lack of support from Britain or Prussia, and a threat of war by France).
Although Czar Nicholas I disliked serfdom, and toyed with the idea of abolishing it, he would decline to do so out of fear of the aristocracy turning against him.
Religion:
Possibly the most multi-faith nation of the Great Powers, the Russian Empire had a variety of different religious minorities that included; Muslims, Latin/Roman Catholics, Jews, Lutherans, Old Believers, Armenian Apostolics, Buddhists [including Tibetan Lamaists], other non-Christian religions, Reformed, and Mennonites. All religions were (technically) free to practice their faiths, with the exception of certain restrictions laid upon the Jews and some marginal sects.
Russian Orthodox Christianity was the official religion of the Empire, with the Emperor deemed as "the Supreme Defender and Guardian of the dogmas of the predominant Faith and is the Keeper of the purity of the Faith and all good order within the Holy Church." Hence why the Emperor and his consort were restricted to following the Orthodox church. From 1839, Czar Nicholas I would force Orthodoxy upon the Eastern Catholics of Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania, which would be condemned by many Western governments.
The Czar had also ended conscription exemption to Jews (who had until then paid a double tax instead) in 1827, which led to the forced conscription and "Russification"of many under-aged Jewish boys (along with Old Believers, Gypsies, and vagabonds since 1805, and Poles after 1831). Unlike a similar policy implemented earlier by the Austrian Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II, the Russian version failed to provide greater civil and economic rights.
Culture:
Okay, so I'm going back to talking about Equestria's Armed Forces here.
Royal Equestrian Navy
Considered the final step in Equestria's Westernization program, the creation of a navy began in 1826, followed by the first production of warships in 1833 (four of them completed by the start of 1836). With Equestria's further expansion of diplomatic and economic relations across the world, the Royal Equestrian Navy would experience dramatic growth (in both size, administration, and tactics) to meet the role of protecting Equestria both at home and abroad. The Royal Equestrian Navy is largely based on the British Royal Navy (with some French, American influences and Equestrian uniqueness). Here is a list of ships, along with air and land units, the Navy will have by January 1846. This will include the Classification & Rating System used before (based mainly on the same system used by the British Royal Nay, and to an extent the United States Navy) and after the Naval Reforms (and Expansion) of 1843.
Capital Ships:
Contains both ships-of-the-line and the first sea-worthy/battle-worthy Pegasus carrier(s). Under the new Equestrian Rating System (post 1843), all such vessels were considered first rate ships.
First rates of 120 guns (three-deckers)
Equestria class- based on the Caledonia class
- ERV Equestria (1836)
- ERV Celestia (1839)
- ERV Twilight (1839)
- ERV Luna (1840)
- ERV Cadenza (1841)
Second Rates of 84 guns (two-deckers)
Shining Armor class
- ERV Shining Armor (1838)- based on the HMS Ganges
Third Rates of 74 guns (two deckers)
Platinum class- based on the HMS Wellesley
- ERV Platinum (1836)
- ERV Puddinghead (1837)
Wooden hulled screw-propelled steam Ships-of-the-line
Spike class (101 guns)
- ERV Spike (1845)
Wooden hulled Pegasus Carriers
Hurricane class - built from unfinished Shinning Armor class hulls
- ERV Hurricane (1844)
*2 more carriers of this class will be completed by mid 1846 (ERV Pansy) and 1847 (ERV Mosquito).
Frigates:
While most of the capital ships remained under ordinary (dry-dock but still in active service) until 1845, the frigates would be the main source of naval power in both peace (anti-pirating/anti-slavery patrols and merchant escorts) and war. This includes both the 44-60 gun heavy frigates (sometimes called 'American' frigates), and the more numerous 38-32 gun medium frigates.
18-Pounder Armed Frigates
Las Pegasus class- based on the British 38-gun Leda-class (based on the French Hebe-class) frigates
- ERV Las Pegasus (1835)
- ERV Manetown (1836)
- ERV Appleloosa (1837)
- ERV Salt Lick City (1838)
- ERV Elko (1839)
-ERV Sugarville (1840)
Ponyville class- based on the British 38-gun Lively-class frigates
- ERV Ponyville (1835)
- ERV Apple Valley (1836)
- ERV Trottingham (1837)
- ERV Featherston (1838)
- ERV Everfree Forest (1839)
- ERV Wingsoar (1840)
- ERV Colton (1841)
- ERV Windigo (1842)
24-Pounder Armed Frigates
Canterlot class -based on the HMS/USS President heavy frigate
- ERV Canterlot (1835)
- ERV Manehattan (1836)
- ERV Cloudsdale (1837)
- ERV Fillydelphia (1838)
- ERV Maneterry (1839)
- ERV Mareposa (1840)
32-Pounder Armed Frigates
Phoenix class - based on the 36-gun HMS Castor
- ERV Phoenix (1841)
- ERV Caballo (1842)
- ERV Ft. McIntosh (1843)
Baltimare class -based on the re-armed 58-gun British Southhampton-class frigates
- ERV Baltimare (1841)
- ERV Stalliongrad (1842)
- ERV Hoofsdale (1843)
Wooden Screw-driven Steam Frigates
- ERV Stumptown (1844) 46-gun first class/heavy frigate
California class (36-gun)
- ERV California (1844)
- ERV New Mexico (1845)
- ERV Polcoltello (1845)
Corvettes:
Corvettes in the Royal Equestrian Navy are sailing vessels armed with 28-20 guns, and are the smallest warships commanded by a captain. Their role is similar to that of the larger frigates, except (due to their smaller cargo hold and slower speed) restricted to shallower seas or Equestria's coastal waters, along with being the flagships for squadrons of much smaller vessels.
Carronade Armed Corvettes
Angel class - based on the 28-gun Antholl-class corvettes
- ERV Angel (1836)
- ERV Opal (1836)
- ERV Gummy (1837)
- ERV Owlowiscious (1837)
- ERV Winona (1838)
Gunnade Armed Corvettes
Philomena class- based on the British 28-gun Andromache-class sixth-rate frigates/corvettes
- ERV Philomena (1838)
- ERV Tiberius (1839)
32-Pounder (Long Gun) Armed Corvettes
Starswirl class- based on the 26-gun Vestal-class sixth-rate frigates
- ERV Starswirl (1840)
- ERV Clover (1841)
- ERV Smart Cookie (1842)
Screw Corvettes
Scorpan class- similar to the 21-gun Highflyer-class corvettes
- ERV Scorpan (1844)
- ERV White Fang (1845)
Sloops-of-war:
An Equestrian sloop-of-war is a flush-decked ship-rigged warship, armed with 8-20 guns (plus 2 or 4 chase guns) on a single deck. It uses a combination of maneuverability and long-range/heavy firepower. Thus having more in common with an American sloop-of-war (for obvious reasons) than those found in the Royal Navy. Since they have magically-powered communication systems (both internal and external), these sloops-of-war tend to sail in 4 ship squadrons, or (more commonly referred to as) 'sloop packs'. Whether pursuing pirates, stopping slave ships, attacking an enemy warship, or conducting commerce raids, they are a force to be reckoned with. The most infamous being the 'Ferocious Four' [or 'Savage Squadron']; containing the sloops-of-war Kraken (1842), White Whale (1842), Nemo (1843), and command sloop Flying Butch-mare (1841).
24-Pounder Armed Sloops-of-war
Timberwolf class- similar to USS Lexington (1825) and/or USS Falmouth (1827) [20 x 24-pounder guns broadside + 4 x 24-pounder chase guns]
- ERV Timberwolf (1835)
- ERV Manticore (1836)
- ERV Hydra (1837)
- ERV Ursa (1838)
Orthros class- similar to USS Boston (1825) [18 x 24-pounder guns + 2 x 24-pounder chase guns]
- ERV Orthros (1836)
- ERV Bugbear (1837)
- ERV Chimera (1838)
- ERV Cockatrice (1839)
Jackalope class- similar to USS Peacock (1828) [8 x 24-pounder guns + 2 x 9-pounder guns]
- ERV Jackalope (1836)
- ERV Star Spider (1837)
- ERV Quarry Eel (1838)
- ERV Diamond Dog (1839)
Mixed 24 and 32-Pounder Armed Sloops-of-war
Zecora class- similar to USS Cyane (1837) [18 x 32-pounder guns + 2 x 24-pounder guns]
- ERV Zecora (1839)
- ERV Little Strongheart (1839)
- ERV Matilda (1840)
- ERV Seabreeze (1840)
32-Pounder Armed Sloops-of-war
Sea Pony class- similar to USS Preble (1839) and/or USS Marion (1839) [14 x 32-pounder guns (broadside) + 2 x 32-pounder (chase) guns]
- ERV Sea Pony (1841)
- ERV Flying Butch-mare (1841)
- ERV Siren (1842)
- ERV Headless Horse (1842)
Black Sparrow class- similar to USS Dale (1839), USS Decatur (1839), and/or USS Yorktown (1839) [14 x 32-pounder guns + 2 x 12-pounder guns]
- ERV Black Sparrow (1841)
- ERV Poison Joke (1841)
- ERV Leviathan (1841)
- ERV Sunset (1841)
- ERV White Whale (1842)
- ERV Golden Oak (1842)
- ERV Kraken (1842)
- ERV Moondancer (1842)
- ERV Red Dragon (1843)
- ERV Zap Apple (1843)
- ERV Bunyip (1843)
- ERV Velvet (1843)
Ember class- similar to USS Portsmouth (1843) [18 x 32-pounder guns + 2 x 8-inch shell guns]
- ERV Ember (1843)
- ERV Nemo (1843)
- ERV Fern (1843)
- ERV Melody (1843)
Magnet class- similar to USS Albany (1846) [18 x 32-pounder guns + 4 x 8-inch shell guns]
- ERV Magnet (1843)
- ERV Jubilee (1844)
- ERV Yearling (1844)
- ERV Fleur (1845)
Screw Sloops
Griffonstone class
- ERV Griffonstone (1842) [8 x 32-pounder guns + 1 x 68-pounder pivot gun]
Honolulu class- [2 x 68-pounder guns + 10 x 32-pounder guns]
- ERV Honolulu (1844)
- ERV Vera Cruz (1844)
- ERV Liverpool (1844)
Nagasaki class- [2 x 68-pounder guns + 12 x 32-pounder guns]
- ERV Nagasaki (1845)
- ERV Canton (1845)
Sao Paulo class- [14 x 32-pounder guns + 1 x 68-pounder pivot gun]
- ERV Sao Paulo (1845)
- ERV Charlotte Amalie (1845)
Naval Land and Air units:
Along with the expeditionary herds of the Royal Equestrian Marine Corps [6,000 strong by 1846] and the regiment-sized Equestrian Special Boat Service (the Navy and Marines' equivalent to the Equestrian Special Air Service- more on them later), the Royal Equestrian Navy also had 16,000 combat personnel. This included the Naval Land Division (8,000 infantry and 4,000 artillery), the Naval Air Wing (3,000 Pegasi 'Sea Hawks'), and Naval Combat Engineer Regiment ('Beach Beavers').
So how long do you think the Grand Tour will last (or at least regarding Twilight's tour)?
Because I have this interesting idea for events in Griffonia between 1842 and 1844 that could:
A) Bring relations between Equestria and Griffonia [or at least parts of it] closer than it already is (both personally and diplomatically).
B) Make Griffonia a more ideal target for American expansion, by pioneers and politicians alike, leading up to the Equestrian-American War.
and
C) Provide some battle experience for Equestria's military and naval forces.
Twilight's Journey on Venezuela:
Note: due to my mistake regarding how long this visits tend to last (a few days instead of weeks), I would like to apologize and advise you Mint20 that said encounters could be shorter than expected. Due to that, the exact date when Twilight could get to Venezuela is more likely in the middle of 1840 instead of the final months of 1840 as I originally expected.
After a very productive journey through South America's South Cone and Brazil (and avoiding the French/Dutch/British Guiana who used those places as prisons) Twilight Sparkle finally reached Venezuela, the land that, although she have heard as much as any other nation, it was the one she was wanting to see the most for the simple fact that it was the [potentially] last one on her trip. This is the situation so far:
- Politics: By 1840, Páez was doing his second Presidency on Venezuela. His strong control over the military, his huge wealth and influence/popularity made him the strongest man in the country. The Conservative Party (which didn't existed by this point yet since there weren't any political parties in Venezuela until Leocadio Guzmán would create the Liberal Party in October of 1840) had total control over the Congress, due to the last attempt of Revolution made against the Ex President María Vargas (who was temporary expelled on the "Reforms Revolution") and the pacification that came after that, there haven't been much violent dissent. No civil wars so far which lead to a more stable state. Páez had with him some of the most brilliant men at his service, most of this were soldiers from the Independence War and were helping him for the greater good of Venezuela instead of blind loyalty to Páez, men like Rafael Urdaneta (Last President of the Gran Colombia) and Carlos Soublette, men of great political skill and education. All of this would bring a temporary political stability during this year (Leocadio would end that once he created the Liberal Party). Venezuela is also ruled under a Centralized system where (according to the Constitution of 1830) The President choose the Governors of each state. The Constitution also had some immigration policies that explained how long would immigrants have to wait until they could become Venezuelans (They would become Venezuelans if they're born in Venezuela, or follow the procedures in the Law of Immigration) to earn their citizen rights (like voting and have public jobs) and the article 218 explains that All foreigners will be admitted in Venezuela. Just like they're under the Law as any other citizen, they'll also enjoy in their person and property the security provided by the law; without any of these being invalidated, or altered said exceptions they have(..). Another requirements to have Citizen Rights is to have over 21 years old or being married, know how to read and write; and being owner of a property whose yearly rent is over 50 pesos while having a job that produces 100 yearly pesos or have a yearly income of 150 pesos.
- Economy: The Venezuelan Economy was in a bubble, Páez was importing more than what he was exporting. Venezuela only traded Coffee, Cocoa and Leather (and the prices of Coffee were going to drop during Soublette's Presidency), the rest of the agriculture was for the country (self sufficient) and any other good (like guns, pictures, house items, etc) were imported. Páez wouldn't have to face any problem until next year. Slavery was still an issue but the law established that all born slaves would become free man once they reached 25 years old (some say that this was implemented by Páez because he had slaves on his lands and didn't wanted to release them yet, others that this was to make the abolition of slavery more stable) which means that slavery would be a thing for decades.
- Society: Due to the current bubble, the Venezuelans were on a happy state. They weren't aware of the problems about to come (except the Liberals) so they enjoyed their current peace. The Venezuelans were very receptive of foreigners and the citizens of Caracas were the Elite (the most educated) of Venezuela, some were siding with Páez for political gains, others disliked him for his betrayal of Bolívar, others just tried to have an honest life. This also meant a lot for the country because Caracas has always been a reflection of Venezuela itself.
- Culture: As a nation, Venezuela is very young (10 years officially) and it's still trying to discover what a democracy is but (ignoring the scars of the Independence Wars) it has always tried to keep itself enjoying life (making it very usual to have a party from time to time) while there's peace. This also helped the fact that Venezuela tends to be a nation of migrants who are quickly integrated by society if they show to be good willing and helps. Granted, there's always that group that denigrates others (and not in the modern sense where Venezuelans trolls each other out through jokes that other nations would call racist, but actual denigration) and, in the case of foreigners, by calling them "musiú", a deformed version of the word "Mesier". There's also racism (from whites against blacks, from blacks against whites, Native American against everybody and everybody against Native Americans) and while the Spanish Cast system no longer exist, it's still used to define people through their social status: Pardos were those who had jobs like smiths, artcraft, etc. Most blacks were slaves but there were also, and each day more and more, black who owned land. White tends to be the Social Elite who were always on the top for owning the most land; and the Native Americans were just there, some had land, some lived as before the appearance of the Spanish, some were part of society and lived as any other Venezuelan since the Constitution made no distinction of color or social caste.
- Religion: The Catholic Church had a big voice in Venezuela and they still had influence since only them could marriage couples, they had control over the sub-district census (they knew who lived where and their age) among other stuff. On his first presidency, Páez had to secularize Venezuela while still allowing the Catholic Church to have a Political voice (since they work with the Pope) and each President had to deal with that (but on a very slow pace). Each Catholic Priest had their own views (some were more Conservative leaning and others were more Liberals) but they would always remain under one point: The Venezuelan Catholic Church was an apolitical entity that would only be sided with the Venezuelan people and would act on its behalf. This also meant that the only way for a dictatorship to survive was to have the Catholic Church on its side (except Guzmán Blanco) but right now they were at peace with the State.
Now, with that said, this is how Twilight could handle the situation:
- Politics: While Twilight have already dealt with Military Presidents before (Flores, Gamarra, Rosas, etc) she would also have to make diplomatic deals because of Venezuela's position (closer to the USA and right beside of Nueva Granada) that could ensure Equestria a stronger position against the USA.
- Economy: Coffee and Cocoa could be imported by Equestria (this would then become a debate on Equestria regarding which nation's resources should be more exported. Either Ecuador's or Venezuela's Coffee and Either Nueva Granada's or Venezuela's Cocoa) and they could give them Equestrian art. Twilight could also make a deal to create a Equestrian delegation that could investigate Venezuela and see what kind of goods could be made here with Equestrian help and Venezuelan cooperation. Due to its vast geography, anything can be grown in Venezuela if you produce it on the right spot.
- Society: Twilight could be very interested on how is the city that held Bolívar (and what Celestia told her about him) and how the Caraqueños are very welcoming to her (either for kindness or political reasons). During her investigations, Twilight could learn that some parts of society (Liberals) don't like Páez but are too separated to work together.
- Culture: Twilight could feel sad at seeing the racism (because a few days won't allow her to notice the social caste) but also be intrigued by the stories revolving all of Venezuela (stories from the Colonial age, Venezuelans are very superstitious) and how they view each period of time.
- Religion: By this point Twilight should be aware of what the Catholic Church is and how to deal with them, either by staying away from them or showing them that she's not a danger but, considering that she may not be aware of how the Catholic Church works as a whole, she may commit a bad first impression (if this already happened, then she may only make a diplomatic salute).
The Journey:
As Twilight and company gets closer to Venezuela, they wonder how it would be the Venezuelan President (the one called "The Centaur") and how things could go here. After reaching the port of La Guaira (in today Vargas State but, until 1999, Vargas have always been part of Caracas) and be received by a court (that could have Carlos Soublette, since he's the kind of guy that would give them a very good welcome) that would escort them to the City of Caracas and there they would be received by the President José Antonio Páez (wearing a military uniform, his hair starts to show pieces of white but he still looks powerful) and the city would receive Twilight with a very quiet greeting (but that could become a celebration if Pinkie comes here and Páez figures out through Nueva Granada that Pinkie Pie likes Parties).
At the next day, Twilight would go to speak with Páez but not before asking about Bolívar and then realizing that Venezuela hates Bolívar because of his latest policies during the project of the Gran Colombia. After getting with the President Twilight would speak to Páez about the necessity of diplomatic ties to defend themselves from foreign threats (Twilight thinks of the USA, Páez would think of Spain and the British Empire who have a colony close to Venezuela right besides the Essequibo river) and Páez would agree.
On this deal, Twilight would be capable of begin the creation of ambassadors for both countries and to create a political trade deal that would also ensure that any nation that could become a threat to one of them (Either Equestria or Venezuela) then the other nation of the Deal would treat the aggressive nation as an enemy (so,if the USA attack Equestria, then Venezuela would cut trade deals with the USA and Vice versa). This deal could also be done with México.
After making the deal, Twilight would ask a bit about Bolívar and why he was so hated, Páez would respond that he was trying to become a king and the people didn't liked it, so they all asked him to lead them and separate Venezuela from the Gran Colombia. Páez would finish the conversation by stating that, while he respects Bolívar a lot, he had to accept the calling of Venezuela.
On her way back, Twilight could pass besides a cathedral (back then, the President's office -The Yellow House - was block away from The Cathedral of Caracas) and meet a priest that would be asking her about Equestria's position with Christ, if they wouldn't try to disturb the life (both espiritual and physical) of the Venezuelans and that it worried him that if she had her focus on the wrong point/entity that could stray her away from the good (meaning: Twilight shouldn't idolize Celestia because she's flawed and blind following could endanger both her and those she loves). While the first two points would be an easy answer (rejection of Christ and that she won't harm the Venezuelans) Twilight may not understand the last concern.
After that encounter, Twilight would meet a man named Leocadio Guzmán (who was curiously passing by and, yes, he lived in Caracas as almost every rich in Venezuela did) and he would tell her all the lies of Páez: There were many generals who sided with Bolívar but Páez silenced them all. Bolívar was very loved but Páez used the media to make them hate him (while not telling the Pricess that he was the one who wrote most of the political propaganda against Bolívar) and would tell her why Páez still wanted the slaves (prolonging the slavery) and that a democracy cannot function if the power was centralized on one figure, how a country would never develop until the country focus more on civilize society instead of giving more power to the military and that Páez was in Caracas just for her because, until her arrival, Páez hasn't even been ruling in Caracas but rather on his house in Valencia. Granted, Leocadio wouldn't tell her how he signed a paper that exiled Bolívar from Venezuela along Páez and that he also approved the Constitution of 1830 because he was one of Páez secretaries and was now saying all of this because Páez fired him on February of 1840. but Twilight could figure it out through other high officials in Venezuela.
After enjoying for a few days her stay in Venezuela and have everything set. Twilight would leave Venezuela with another encounter making her wonder how much she could learn about Latin America. Twilight would promise that she would come back whenever she can and would invite Páez to Equestria as well (being someone of the plains, who ride horses for all of his life, this would be an enticing invitation) but Páez would say no because the Constitution doesn't allow the President to leave Venezuela.
With that said, and seeing that this "Centaur" wasn't anything like Tirek. Twilight would have a very wide set of opinions about what a Constitution is, for what it can be used, what a Democracy could be, how the Institutions work, the power of the vote, the difference between Federalism and Centralism, the Latin American fight between Civilism against Militarism, etc. This Twilight would come back to Equestria with a very different view of the world than the Twilight that left Equestria long ago and she would bring a lot of changes to Equestria.
Thank you all for reading and have a nice day.
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In hind sight, that is kind of a serious plothole, but let me point out some things that might explain why they feel threatened.
First of all, humans up til now were mostly either considered unknown or mythical creatures by both species (with some exceptions). Although considering how many legends or 'old mare's tales' tended to be real in the show...
Now the Equestrians may have more reason to feel threatened, because they have lived in relative peace for over a millennia, while relying on powerful magical items or spells to repel certain threats. The closest thing to a standing army was the Royal Guard (who had become more of a mixed gendarme and personal bodyguard role) and maybe the Wonderbolts, neither one having a good track record when it came to actual combat situations. And while they have the advantage of flight, weather manipulation, magic and home terrain (among other things), they didn't have either the training, weaponry, or even the mindset (except some Pegasi) to wage war.
With regards to Griffonia, I am going to place this more on the decisions made by King Odrynn, rather than on the griffons in general (except maybe the fact that the kingdom is more divided than Equestria is).
As for your other point, human history is full of events regarding one civilization 'discovering' a weaker/less advanced civilization, followed by (almost instantly) either threatening and/or exploiting the hell out of it. Without having any idea if they'd win a fight (or more likely just assume they would).
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The problem with something like Equestria existing on the Western Coast is that it tends to throw history into a giant spiral and messes up the normal timeline, sending it into a perpetual series of "what ifs" and the "Butterfly Effect". Comes with the territory with alternative history, which requires a level of "suspension of disbelief" so as to seek a interesting world (such as if the Nazi's took over the world), but the more history supports the possible event, the more believable it is, so knowing your history helps.
This doesn't mean stupid stuff can't, and has, happened in history (World War I is a good example). Though to be honest, something like invading Griffonia would be haven been more likely been done by adventures and individuals instead of nations, diplomacy being a major component of 19th century history. The Spanish Conquistadors of the 1600s, such as Coronado or De Soto, who traversed the region, would have more likely done something like that.
Come to think of it, the story would be more interesting if it was set in the 1600s instead of the 1800s. Equestria dealing with the Spanish Conquistadors and the nations of Europe before they have even taken over the Americas would have been interesting and conflict would have been more likely.
That's just my opinion though.
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I'd agree there. This sort of scenario would've been more fitting for an Europa Universalis mod (haven't check, but I wouldn't be surprised if there was an EUPony mod already), not a Victoria one.
And on the subject of the mod that inspired this, apparently someone has resume working on it. Even got a beta patch up months ago.. Haven't tried it yet, but looking at has been done, it's quite... interesting changes, I'd say.