Our world of Gaia is different from the human world of Terra any many ways but perhaps what will be the most surprising for you humans to learn is that Gaia is home to many different races with there own unique abilities, and most races can be subdivide into different tribes, clans, and breeds each also with their own unique abilities. Now with that I believe I should probably explain what I mean by race, tribe, clan, and breed as Princess Twilight has told me those terms means different things to you humans. Well to start the term race in our world means a group of sapient beings that has biological similarities and can interbreed with one another without birthing hybrids. Tribes are a subdivide of a race in which members have abilities and powers in common while clans are a special subdivide of tribes in which members are a bit different then what is the norm for that tribe but still have enough in common with the tribe to be counted as a member. Then we breeds which I guess you could say are template for a races, breeds cross tribe lines which means members of the breed have some traits in common. Now not all members of a race belongs to a clan or breed mind you, but all members of a race will belong to a tribe if that race has tribes. Also, it is possible for parents and their children to be of different tribes and clans as its sometimes skips a few generations, as for breeds it rarer for that to happen but not unheard of. We will go into more detail about this as for each race, but for now I believe there another topic we should discuses and that you humans are no doubt curious about, hybrids.
Hybrids are simply put a being who parents belong to two different races, but if there biological differences between the races how can they interbreed you are no doubt wondering. Well first of all there are a very races that thanks to their magic can naturally interbreed with any other race, maybe any specie, and get a fertile offspring who can breed with their parents' races to produce a child, dragons are the best know example of this. Then there are some races that breed together naturally but will only produce an infertile child, lucky this is easily fix with modern medicine and healing magic. Then their are other races that no matter how much they try they simple can't have children together with out magic aid. Lucky the problem of crossbreeding was solve long ago and it is possible for almost any race to be able to have fertile children together, in fact here a quick list of the most common ways to do this.
1, Fertile Idol: The most common way and often thought of as the best way to crossbreed is to use a type of magical item call a fertile idol. Now there are many different makes and models of fertile idol but they all do the same thing, you turn them on and they make a small bubble of magic that makes it so that any type of loving making that could create a child will, and that the child will be able to have children of their own with any of their parent races. The magic will also how so I say help get you into the mood, but be warn the magic will effect any living thing in the area so unless you what your cat and dog to produce a very odd litter together be careful.
2. Sperm Transmutation: This is a very simple spell that almost any one who can cast spells can learn, and to put it simply it makes it that the next being the male under it effects sleep with his sperm will transmutation to be the sperm of a male of that race. Of course any made this way will be a member of his mother race with very few traits of their father races, and there also bit of a time limit on this as the spell only lasts a few hours at most.
3. Crossbreeding Potion: A type of potion that while drunk by a female will allow her to be impregnation by a male of a different race and make it that any children born will be of their father race. Now there are few issues with option mostly being that each potion has to tailor made for both the mother and the father race for it work, and that the effects will only last a few hours.
4. Gene Surgery: Now this option isn't just way to help crossbreed but also help with infertile. Basely by magical base surgery a few genes from being will not only cure your infertile problem if you have one but will also allow you to crossbreed with any race the being you got the genes form can naturally have children with. Of course any child born will a few traits from the being that you got the genes from in the first place.
Now there are other ways of course but theses are the four most common modern ways and are frankly the easiest to do. Now before we start discussing the races of Gaia there is one final thing I should say that all races have in common here, but I'm have been told by Princess Twilight isn't the case with you humans. And that is that females of all races of Gaia outnumber males roughly four to one, with some slight differences per race and region. This is why almost all cultures on Gaia are matriarchy in nature, and in other to keep up out numbers we form what we ponies call herds, a few other races have a different name for it but is the same thing. One or more males marry to three or females with two being relationships as rare exceptions, Princess Twilight have told me you have special terms to describe these types of relationships but we don't.